34.3. But though he was justly angry at the Aetolians because he remembered that they alone had cavilled at his glory when he was liberating Greece, and that they had not been moved by his influence when he warned them in advance that that would happen which did actually occur, and tried to deter them from their mad
34.3. ceterum quamquam merito iratus erat Aetolis, quod solos obtrectasse gloriae suae, cum liberaret Graeciam, meminerat, et nihil auctoritate sua motos esse, cum, quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens a furioso incepto eos deterreret, tamen sui maxime operis esse credens nullam gentem liberatae ab se Graeciae funditus everti, obambulare muris, ut facile nosceretur ab Aetolis, coepit.
34.5. purpose, yet, believing it to be his task to see that no people of the Greece which had received its freedom from him should be utterly destroyed, he began to walk around the walls, so that he was easily seen by the Aetolians.
34.5. confestim a primis stationibus cognitus est, vulgatumque per omnes ordines, Quinctium esse. itaque concursu facto undique in muros manus pro se quisque tendentes consonante clamore nominatim Quinctium orare, ut opem ferret ac servaret.
34.6. Immediately he was recognized by the advanced sentinels and the word went through all the ranks that Quinctius was there.
34.6. et tum quidem, quamquam moveretur his vocibus, manu tamen abnuit quicquam opis in se esse;
34.7. So there was a general rush from all quarters to the walls, each stretching out his hands to him and with uniform cries calling upon Quinctius by name to come to their rescue and save them.
34.7. ceterum postquam ad consulem venit, “utrum fefellit” inquit “te, M. Acili, quid agatur, an, cum satis pervideas, nihil id magnopere ad summam rem pertinere censes?”
34.8. And for the moment, at least, although he was affected by these words, he showed by a gesture that there was no power in him to help them; but when he came to the consul he said, “Has it perhaps escaped you, Manius Acilius, what you are doing, or, since you see it clearly, do you not think that it has a great deal to do with our ultimate policy?” He had worked the consul up to a high pitch of wonder, and he asked, “Why not explain what you mean?” Then Quinctius replied: “Do you not see that you, after defeating Antiochus, are wasting time by besieging two cities, although now the year of your command is almost ended, but that Philip, who had not set eyes on the battle-line or the standards of the enemy, has already joined to himself, not cities alone, but so many nations —Athamania,” “Perrhaebia, Aperantia, Dolopia —and that as rewards for your victory you possess as yet not even two cities, while Philip has so many peoples of Greece?
34.8. erexerat expectatione consulem; et “quin expromis” inquit “quid rei sit?” tum Quinctius” ecquid vides te devicto Antiocho in duabus urbibus oppugnandis tempus terere, cum iam prope annus circumactus sit imperii tui, Philippum autem, qui non aciem, non signa hostium vidit, non solum urbes sed tot iam gentes, Athamaniam Perrhaebiam Aperantiam Dolopiam, sibi adiunxisse? atqui non tantum interest nostra Aetolorum opes ac vires minui, quantum non supra modum Philippum crescere, et victoriae tuae praemium te militesque tuos nondum duas urbes, Philippum tot gentes Graeciae habere. ” adsentiebatur his consul; sed pudor, si irrito incepto abscederet obsidione, occurrebat. tota inde Quinctio res permissa est. is rursus ad eam partem muri, qua paulo ante vociferati Aetoli fuerant, redit. ibi cum impensius orarent, ut misereretur gentis Aetolorum, exire aliquos ad se iussit. Phaeneas ipse principesque alii extemplo egressi sunt. quibus provolutis ad pedes “fortuna” inquit” vestra facit, ut et irae meae et orationi temperem.
35.4. Yet it is not so much to our interest that the power and strength of the Aetolians should be diminished as that Philip should not grow beyond measure.”
35.4. evenerunt quae praedixi eventura, et ne hoc quidem reliqui vobis est, ut indignis accidisse ea videantur: ego tamen sorte quadam nutriendae Graeciae datus ne ingratis quidem benefacere absistam.
35.5. XXXV. The consul agreed with this, but shame, if he should withdraw before finishing what he had begun, came over him. The whole decision was then referred to Quinctius. He went back again to the section of the walls where the Aetolians had harangued him a little while before.
35.5. mittite oratores ad consulem, qui indutias tanti temporis petant, ut mittere legatos Romam possitis, per quos senatui de vobis permittatis; ego apud consulem defensor deprecatorque vobis adero.
35.6. When with greater fervour they begged him to have compassion on the Aetolian people, he ordered some of them to come out to him. Phaeneas himself and other chiefs at once came out. As they threw themselves at his feet, he said, “Your plight makes me restrain both my wrath and my language.”
35.6. “ita, ut censuerat Quinctius, fecerunt, nec aspernatus est consul legationem; indutiisque in diem certam datis, qua legatio renuntiari ab Roma posset, soluta obsidio et exercitus in Phocidem missus.
35.7. “Those things have happened which I told you in the beginning would happen, and not even this is left to you, that they may seem to have happened to the undeserving; yet I, appointed by some destiny for the cherishing of Greece, shall not cease to do good even to ungrateful men. Send ambassadors to the consul to ask for a truce for such a space of time that you may send delegates to Rome through whom you may put your case before the senate; I shall be with the consul to support and defend your cause.”
35.7. consul cum T. Quinctio ad Achaicum concilium Aegium traiecit. ibi de Eleis et de exulibus Lacedaemoniorum restituendis actum est; neutra perfecta res,* quia suae gratiae reservari eam Achaei, Elei per se ipsi quam per Romanos maluerunt Achaico contribui concilio.
35.8. So they did as Quinctius had suggested, nor did the consul reject the embassy; granting them a truce for a definite period, in which the embassy could report back from Rome, he raised the siege and sent the army back to Phocis. The consul with Titus Quinctius crossed to Aegium to the Achaean council.
35.8. Epirotarum legati ad consulem venerunt, quos non sincera fide in amicitia fuisse satis constabat; militem tamen nullum Antiocho dederant; pecunia iuvisse eum insimulabantur; legatos ad regem ne ipsi quidem misisse infitiabantur.
35.9. There the debate concerned the Eleans and the restoration of the Spartan exiles; neither question was settled, because the Achaeans wished the case of the exiles left as a means of gaining favour for themselves; while the Eleans preferred that they be united with the Achaean League on their own initiative rather than under pressure from the Romans.
35.9. iis petentibus, ut in amicitia pristina esse liceret, respondit consul se, utrum hostium an pacatorum eos numero haberet, nondum scire;
35.10. Ambassadors from the Epirotes came to the consul; it was clear that they had not observed the treaty of alliance with true fidelity; yet they had sent no troops to Antiochus; they were accused of having aided him with money; they did not even themselves deny that they had sent ambassadors to him.
35.10. senatum eius rei iudicem fore; integram se causam eorum Romam reicere; indutias ad id dierum nonaginta dare.
35.11. When they asked that they be permitted to remain in their old status of friendship, the consul replied that he did not yet know whether to reckon them among enemies or among defeated foes; the senate would be the judge of that; he was referring the whole question of their status to Rome; for that purpose he granted them a truce for ninety days.
35.11. Epirotae Romam missi senatum adierunt. iis magis, quae non fecissent hostilia, referentibus quam purgantibus ea, de quibus arguebantur, responsum datum est, quo veniam impetrasse, non causam probasse videri possent.
35.12. The Epirotes sent to Rome and appealed to the senate. When they enumerated hostile acts which they had not performed rather than cleared themselves of the charges made against them, a reply was given them from which they could seem to have obtained forgiveness, not to have established their case. Ambassadors from King Philip also were at this time presented to the senate with congratulations on the victory. Their request that they be allowed to sacrifice on the Capitoline and to deposit a gift of gold in the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was granted by the senate.
35.12. et Philippi regis legati sub idem tempus in senatum introducti, gratulantes de victoria. iis petentibus, ut sibi sacrificare in Capitolio donumque ex auro liceret ponere in aede Iovis optimi maximi, permissum ab senatu.
35.13. A golden crown of one hundred pounds' weight was placed there. Not only was a gracious response given to the ambassadors of the king, but also Demetrius, the son of Philip, who was a hostage at Rome, was handed over to the ambassadors to be restored to his father.
35.13. centum pondo coronam auream posuerunt. non responsum solum benigne regis legatis est, sed filius quoque Philippi Demetrius, qui obses Romae erat, ad patrem reducendus legatis datus est.
35.14. The war which was waged with King Antiochus in Greece by Manius Acilius the consul came thus to an end.
35.14. bellum, quod cum Antiocho rege in Graecia gestum est a M'. Acilio consule, hunc finem habuit.
36.1. The other consul, Publius Cornelius Scipio, who had been allotted the province of Gaul, before he departed to the war which was to be waged with the Boii, demanded of the senate that money be voted to him for the games which as praetor in Spain he had vowed at a critical moment in the battle. His request seemed unprecedented and unreasonable; they voted, therefore, that whatever games he had vowed on his own sole initiative, with no authorization from the senate, he should celebrate either out of the spoils, if he had reserved any for that purpose, or out of his own pocket. The games were celebrated through ten days by Publius Cornelius. About the same time a temple was dedicated to the Great Idaean Mother, a goddess whom this same Publius Cornelius, when she came from Asia in the consulship of Publius Cornelius Scipio, who later received the surname of Africanus, and Publius Licinius, had escorted to the Palatine from the harbour. The contract for the construction of the temple, under a decree of the senate, was let by the censors Marcus Livius and Gaius Claudius in the consulship of Marcus Cornelius and Publius Sempronius; thirteen years after the contract was let, Marcus Junius Brutus dedicated the temple, and games were given by reason of the dedication, which Valerius Antias says were the first to be held with dramatic performances, and called the Megalesia. Also a temple of Juventas in the Circus Maximus was dedicated by Gaius Licinius Lucullus the duumvir. It had been vowed sixteen years before by Marcus Livius the consul in the battle in which he destroyed Hasdrubal and his army; as censor he also let the contract for its construction in the consulship of Marcus Cornelius and Publius Sempronius.
36.1. alter consul P. Cornelius Scipio, Galliam provinciam sortitus, priusquam ad bellum, quod cum Bois gerendum erat, proficisceretur, postulavit ab senatu, ut pecunia sibi decerneretur ad ludos, quos praetor in Hispania inter ipsum discrimen pugnae vovisset. novum atque iniquum postulare est visus: censuerunt ergo, quos ludos inconsulto senatu ex sua unius sententia vovisset, eos vel de manubiis, si quam pecuniam ad id reservasset, vel sua ipse impensa faceret. eos ludos per dies decem P. Cornelius fecit. per idem fere tempus aedes matris magnae Idaeae dedicata est quam deam is P. Cornelius advectam ex Asia P. Cornelio Scipione, cui postea Africano fuit cognomen, P. Licinio consulibus in Palatium a mari detulerat. locaverant aedem faciendam ex senatus consulto M. Livius C. Claudius censores M. Cornelio P. Sempronio consulibus; tredecim annis postquam locata erat, dedicavit eam M. Iunius Brutus, ludique ob dedicationem eius facti, quos primos scenicos fuisse Antias Valerius est auctor, Megalesia appellatos. item Iuventatis aedem in circo maximo C. Licinius Lucullus duumvir dedicavit. voverat eam sexdecim annis ante M. Livius consul, quo die Hasdrubalem exercitumque eius cecidit; idem censor eam faciendam locavit M. Cornelio P. Sempronio consulibus. huius quoque dedicandae causa ludi facti, et [eo] omnia cum maiore religione facta, quod novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum. principio eius anni, quo haec iam profecto ad bellum M'. Acilio, manente adhuc Romae P. Cornelio consule agebantur, boves duos domitos in Carinis per scalas pervenisse in tegulas aedificii proditum memoriae est. eos vivos comburi cineremque eorum deici in Tiberim haruspices iusserunt. Tarracinae et Amiterni nuntiatum est aliquotiens lapidibus pluvisse, Menturnis aedem Iovis et tabernas circa forum de caelo tactas esse, Volturni in ostio fluminis duas naves fulmine ictas conflagrasse.
37.4. By reason of this dedication also games were held, and with more intense religious feeling because the new war with Antiochus was imminent. XXXVII. In the beginning of the year in which these things happened, Manius Acilius having already set out to the war and Publius Cornelius the consul being still in Rome, it is recorded that two domesticated cattle in the Carinae climbed up a stairway to the roof of a house. The haruspices ordered that they be burned alive and the ashes thrown into the Tiber. At Terracina and Amiternum it was reported that there were several showers of stones, at Minturnae the temple of Jupiter and the shops around the forum were struck by lightning, at Volturnum in the mouth of the river two ships were struck by lightning and burned.
37.4. eorum prodigiorum causa libros Sibyllinos ex senatus consulto decemviri cum adissent, renuntiaverunt, ieiunium instituendum Cereri esse, et id quinto quoque anno servandum; et ut novemdiale sacrum fieret et unum diem supplicatio esset; coronati supplicarent; et consul P. Cornelius, quibus diis quibusque hostiis edidissent decemviri, sacrificaret.
37.6. On account of these portents the decemvirs were directed by a decree of the senate to consult the Sibylline Books, and they reported that a fast in honour of Ceres should be held and this repeated every fifth year; also that a nine-day festival should be celebrated and a period of prayer for one day; that those who offered the prayers should wear garlands; and that the consul Publius Cornelius, in honour of whatever gods and with whatever victims the decemvirs should announce, should offer sacrifice. The gods were appeased now by the due performance of vows, now by the rites of atonement for the prodigies, and the consul departed to his province, ordering the proconsul Gnaeus Domitius to send his army back to Rome and leave the province; he himself led the legions into the country of the Boii. About the same time the Ligures, mustering an army under a formula of devotion, by night suddenly attacked the camp of Quintus Minucius the proconsul.
37.6. placatis diis nunc votis rite solvendis nunc prodigiis expiandis, in provinciam proficiscitur consul, atque inde Cn. Domitium proconsulem dimisso exercitu Romam decedere iussit; ipse in agrum Boiorum legiones induxit. sub idem fere tempus Ligures lege sacrata coacto exercitu nocte improviso castra Q. Minucii proconsulis adgressi sunt.
38.2. Minucius kept his troops in formation within the rampart right up to daybreak, being anxious to prevent any crossing of the fortifications by the enemy.
38.2. Minucius usque ad lucem intra vallum militem instructum tenuit intentus, ne qua transcenderet hostis munimenta.
38.3. At daybreak he made a sally through two gates at once. But the first attack did not, as he had hoped, drive away the Ligures; for two hours longer they made the issue uncertain; finally, when column after column came forth and fresh men were relieving the exhausted in the battle, the Ligures at length, worn out by loss of sleep along with everything else, turned to flight. More than four thousand of the enemy were killed; of the Romans and allies less than three hundred were lost.
38.3. prima luce duabus simul portis eruptionem fecit. nec primo impetu, quod speraverat, Ligures pulsi sunt; duas amplius horas dubium certamen sustinuere; postremo, cum alia atque alia agmina erumperent, et integri fessis succederent ad pugnam, tandem Ligures, inter cetera etiam vigiliis confecti, terga dederunt. caesa supra quattuor milia hostium; ex Romanis sociisque minus trecenti perierunt.
38.5. About two months later Publius Cornelius the consul fought in pitched battle with the army of the Boii with notable results.
38.5. duobus fere post mensibus P. Cornelius consul cum Boiorum exercitu signis collatis egregie pugnavit.
38.6. Valerius Antias writes that thirty-eight thousand of the enemy were slain, three thousand four hundred captured, with one hundred twenty-four military standards, one thousand two hundred thirty horses, two hundred forty-seven carts; of the victors the losses were one thousand four hundred eighty-four.
38.6. duodetriginta milia hostium occisa Antias Valerius scribit, capta tria milia et quadringentos, signa militaria centum viginti quattuor, equos mille ducentos triginta, carpenta ducenta quadraginta septem; ex victoribus mille quadringentos octoginta quattuor cecidisse.
38.7. Although even in this case little confidence can be placed in this writer in a question of numbers, because no other is more unrestrained than he in exaggeration, yet it is clear that it was a great victory, first, because the camp was captured, second, because the Boii surrendered immediately after the battle, third, because a thanksgiving was proclaimed and full-grown victims slain.
38.7. ubi ut in numero scriptori parum fidei sit, quia in augendo eo non alius intemperantior est, magnam tamen victoriam fuisse apparet, quod et castra capta sunt et Boi post eam pugnam extemplo dediderunt sese, et quod supplicatio eius victoriae causa decreta ab senatu victimaeque maiores caesae.
39.1. About the same time Marcus Fulvius Nobilior from Farther Spain entered the City in ovation. He brought with him twelve thousand pounds of silver, one hundred and thirty thousand silver coins stamped with the two-horse chariot, one hundred and twenty-seven pounds of gold.
39.1. per eosdem dies M. Fulvius Nobilior ex ulteriore Hispania ovans urbem est ingressus. argenti transtulit duodecim milia pondo, bigati argenti centum triginta, auri centum viginti septem pondo. P. Cornelius consul obsidibus a Boiorum gente acceptis agri parte fere dimidia eos multavit, quo, si vellet, populus Romanus colonias mittere posset.
39.3. Publius Cornelius the consul accepted hostages from the nation of the Boii and deprived them of about one-half their land, to which, if it chose, the Roman people could send colonies.
39.3. inde Romam ut ad triumphum haud dubium decedens exercitum dimisit, et adesse Romae ad diem triumphi iussit;
39.4. Then, departing to Rome to the certain expectation of a triumph, he disbanded his army and ordered them to be in Rome on the day of the triumph;
39.4. ipse postero die, quam venit, senatu in aedem Bellonae vocato cum de rebus ab se gestis disseruisset, postulavit, ut sibi triumphanti liceret urbem invehi.
39.5. on the day after his arrival he himself convened the senate in the temple of Bellona, and when he had discoursed about his achievements he demanded that he be permitted to ride into the City in triumph.
39.5. P. Sempronius Blaesus tribunus plebis non negandum Scipioni, sed differendum honorem triumphi censebat: bella Ligurum Gallicis semper iuncta fuisse; eas inter se gentes mutua ex propinquo ferre auxilia.
39.6. Publius Sempronius Blaesus, tribune of the people, declared that the honour of a triumph should not be refused to Scipio, but should be postponed: Ligurian wars were always connected with Gallic; these neighbouring tribes exchanged assistance.
39.6. si P. Scipio devictis acie Bois aut ipse cum victore exercitu in agrum Ligurum transisset, aut partem copiarum Q. Minucio misisset, qui iam tertium ibi annum dubio detineretur bello, debellari cum Liguribus potuisse:
39.7. If Publius Scipio, after defeating the Boii in battle, had either crossed himself with his victorious army into the country of the Ligures or sent part of his troops to Quintus Minucius, who was for the third year now detained by a war of uncertain prospects, the war with the Ligures could have been finished;
39.7. nunc ad triumphum frequentandum deductos esse milites, qui egregiam navare operam rei publicae potuissent, possent etiam, si senatus, quod festinatione triumphi praetermissum esset, id restituere differendo triumpho vellet.
39.8. now the soldiers had been withdrawn to crowd the triumph, who could have rendered conspicuous service to the state, and who could do so even now if the senate wished, by deferring the triumph, to restore the condition which had been lost in the anxiety for a triumph. Let them order the consul with his legions to return to his province, to direct his attention to the subjugation of the Ligures.
39.8. iuberent consulem cum legionibus redire in provinciam, dare operam, ut Ligures subigantur. nisi illi cogantur in ius iudiciumque populi Romani, ne Boios quidem quieturos: aut pacem aut bellum utrobique habenda.
39.9. Unless they were brought under the sovereignty and supremacy of the Roman people, not even the Boii would remain quiet; they must have either peace or war with both. After conquering the Ligures, a few months later, Publius Cornelius the proconsul would triumph, after the example of many who had not triumphed while still in office.
39.9. devictis Liguribus, paucos post menses proconsulem P. Cornelium multorum exemplo, qui in magistratu non triumphaverunt, triumphaturum esse.
40.1. To this the consul replied that the Ligures had not been allotted to him as his province, that he had not waged war with the Ligures, that he was not asking for a triumph over them;
40.1. ad ea consul neque se Ligures provinciam sortitum esse ait, neque cum Liguribus bellum gessisse, neque triumphum de iis postulare;
40.2. he felt sure that in a short time Quintus Minucius, having conquered them, would ask and receive a well-earned triumph;
40.2. Q. Minucium confidere brevi subactis iis meritum triumphum postulaturum atque impetraturum esse:
40.3. he was asking for a triumph over the Gallic Boii, whom he had defeated in battle, whom he had stripped of their camp, whose entire population he had, two days after the battle, received in surrender, from whom he had taken hostages as a guarantee of future peace.
40.3. se de Gallis Bois postulare triumphum, quos acie vicerit, castris exuerit, quorum gentem biduo post pugnam totam acceperit in deditionem, a quibus obsides abduxerit, pacis futurae pignus.
40.4. But this, as a matter of fact, was of far greater importance —that he had slain a greater number of thousands of Gauls in battle than any commander before him had ever fought with, at least so far as the Boii were concerned.
40.4. verum enimvero illud multo maius esse, quod tantum numerum Gallorum occiderit in acie, quot cum milibus certe Boiorum nemo ante se imperator pugnaverit.
40.5. More than half of their fifty thousand men were killed, many thousands captured; old men and boys only were now left to the Boii.
40.5. plus partem dimidiam ex quinquaginta milibus hominum caesam, multa milia capta; senes puerosque Bois superesse.
40.6. Could anyone then wonder why a victorious army, since it left no enemy in the province, should come to Rome to celebrate the triumph of the consul?
40.6. itaque id quemquam mirari posse, cur victor exercitus, cum hostem in provincia neminem reliquisset, Romam venerit ad celebrandum consulis triumphum?
40.7. If the senate wished to use the assistance of these soldiers in another province also, in which way, pray, would it believe them to be more ready to meet another danger and new toil, if without any objection the reward had been paid them for their previous danger and toil, or if they sent them away with hope in place of reality, when they had once been deceived as to their original expectation?
40.7. quorum militum si et in alia provincia opera uti senatus velit, utro tandem modo promptiores ad aliud periculum novumque laborem ituros credat, si persoluta eis sine detractatione prioris periculi laborisque merces sit, an si spem pro re ferentis dimittant, iam semel in prima spe deceptos?
40.8. So far as he personally was concerned, he had won sufficient glory for his whole life on that day when the senate had judged him the best man and sent him to receive the Idaean Mother.
40.8. nam quod ad se attineat, sibi gloriae in omnem vitam illo die satis quaesitum esse, quo se virum optimum iudicatum ad accipiendam matrem Idaeam misisset senatus.
40.9. From that one inscription, even if no consulship or triumph were added, the imago of Publius Scipio Nasica would have enough of honour and regard.
40.9. hoc titulo, etsi nec consulatus nec triumphus addatur, satis honestam honoratamque P. Scipionis Nasicae imaginem fore.
40.10. The entire senate of its own accord not only agreed to vote the triumph but by its influence compelled the tribune to withdraw his veto. Publius Cornelius while consul triumphed over the Boii.
40.10. universus senatus non ipse modo ad decernendum triumphum consensit, sed etiam tribunum plebis auctoritate sua compulit ad remittendam intercessionem.
40.11. In that triumph he transported in Gallic carts arms and standards and spoils of every description and Gallic vases of bronze, and along with prisoners of high rank a herd of captured horses. He carried also golden necklaces to the number of one thousand four hundred and seventy-one, and besides he had two hundred and forty-seven pounds of gold, of silver, unwrought and wrought in Gallic vases, not unskilfully, in their manner, two thousand three hundred and forty pounds, of coins stamped with the two-horse chariot, two hundred and thirty-four thousand.
40.11. P. Cornelius consul triumphavit de Bois. in eo triumpho Gallicis carpentis arma signaque et spolia omnis generis travexit et vasa aenea Gallica et cum captivis nobilibus equorum quoque captorum gregem traduxit.
40.12. To the soldiers who followed his car he gave one hundred and twenty-five asses to each infantryman, twice that sum to each centurion and thrice to each cavalryman.
40.12. aureos torques transtulit mille quadringentos septuaginta unum, ad hoc auri pondo ducenta quadraginta septem, argenti infecti factique in Gallicis vasis, non infabre suo more factis, duo milia trecenta quadraginta pondo, bigatorum nummorum ducenta triginta quattuor.
40.13. The next day he called an assembly, and when he had spoken of his achievements and of the injury done by the tribune who tried to entangle him in another's war, in order to cheat him of the fruits of his victory, he absolved his soldiers of their oaths and discharged them.
40.13. militibus, qui currum secuti sunt, centenos vicenos quinos asses divisit, duplex centurioni, triplex equiti. postero die contione advocata de rebus ab se gestis et de iniuria tribuni bello alieno se illigantis, ut suae victoriae fructu se fraudaret, cum disseruisset, milites exauctoratos dimisit.
41.1. While this was going on in Italy, Antiochus at Ephesus was quite free from concern as to the Roman war, on the ground that the Romans would not cross to Asia; and this sense of security was given to him by most of his friends either through error or in flattery.
41.1. dum haec in Italia geruntur, Antiochus Ephesi securus admodum de bello Romano erat tamquam non transituris in Asiam Romanis; quam securitatem ei magna pars amicorum aut per errorem aut adsentando faciebat.
41.2. Hannibal alone, whose influence with the king was at that time perhaps at its greatest, said that he was more surprised that the Romans were not already in Asia than doubtful that they would come;
41.2. Hannibal unus, cuius eo tempore vel maxima apud regem auctoritas erat, magis mirari se aiebat, quod non iam in Asia essent Romani, quam venturos dubitare:
41.3. it was a shorter crossing from Greece to Asia than from Italy to Greece, and Antiochus was a far more powerful motive than the Aetolians; nor were Roman arms less powerful on sea than land.
41.3. propius esse ex Graecia in Asiam quam ex Italia in Graeciam traicere, et multo maiorem causam Antiochum quam Aetolos esse; neque enim mari minus quam terra pollere Romana arma.
41.4. For a long time their fleet had been around Malea; he had recently heard that a new fleet and a new commander to carry on the war had come from Italy; Antiochus, then, should cease to seek peace for himself —a vain hope.
41.4. iam pridem classem circa Maleam esse; audire sese nuper novas naves novumque imperatorum rei gerendae causa ex Italia venisse:
41.5. In Asia and for Asia itself there would soon be war on land and sea between him and the Romans, and either the Romans, seeking dominion over the world, would lose it or he himself would lose his kingdom.
41.5. itaque desineret Antiochus pacem sibi ipse spe vana facere. in Asia et de ipsa Asia brevi terra marique dimicandum ei cum Romanis esse, et aut imperium adimendum orbem terrarum adfectantibus, aut ipsi regnum amittendum.
41.6. He alone seemed both to foresee the truth and to declare it loyally. So the king himself, with the ships that were ready and equipped, set out for the Chersonesus to strengthen those regions with garrisons if perchance the Romans should come by land;
41.6. unus vera et providere et fideliter praedicere visus. itaque ipse rex navibus, quae paratae instructaeque erant, Chersonesum petit, ut ea loca, si forte terra venirent Romani, praesidiis firmaret;
41.7. the rest of the fleet he ordered Polyxenidas to refit and launch; scouting cruisers he sent among the islands to reconnoitre everywhere.
41.7. ceteram classem Polyxenidam parare et deducere iussit; speculatorias naves ad omnia exploranda circa insulas dimisit.
42.1. Gaius Livius, commander of the Roman fleet, sailed with fifty decked vessels from Rome to Naples, where he had ordered the allies along the coast to assemble the undecked ships which they owed under the treaty, then headed for Sicily and, passing Messina through the strait, picked up six Carthaginian ships sent to aid him, received from the people of Rhegium and Locri and the other allies of the same status the ships which he had demanded of them, and having purified the fleet at Lacinium struck out into the deep.
42.1. C. Livius praefectus Romanae classis, cum quinquaginta navibus tectis profectus ab Roma Neapolim, quo ab sociis eius orae convenire iusserat apertas naves, quae ex foedere debebantur, Siciliam inde petit fretoque Messanam praetervectus, cum sex Punicas naves ad auxilium missas accepisset et ab Reginis Locrisque et eiusdem iuris sociis debitas exegisset naves, lustrata classe ad Lacinium altum petit.
42.3. When he had arrived at Corcyra, the first city in Greece which he reached, he inquired as to the military situation —for everything was not yet quiet in Greece —and as to where the Roman fleet was, and when he heard that the consul and the king were watching one another near the pass of Thermopylae and that the fleet was at Piraeus, he thought that he should make haste for every reason, and straightway proceeded to sail around the Peloponnesus.
42.3. Corcyram, quam primam Graeciae civitatium adiit, cum venisset, percunctatus de statu belli—necdum enim omnia in Graecia perpacata erant—et ubi classis Romana esset, postquam audivit circa Thermopylarum saltum in statione consulem ac regem esse, classem Piraei stare, maturandum ratus omnium rerum causa, pergit protinus navigare Peloponnesum.
42.5. Same and Zacynthos, because they preferred to join the Aetolian party, he at once plundered and then made for Malea, and enjoying a successful voyage after a few days he joined the old fleet at Piraeus.
42.5. Samen Zacynthumque, quia partis Aetolorum maluerant esse, protinus depopulatus Maleam petit, et prospera navigatione usus paucis diebus Piraeum ad veterem classem pervenit.
42.6. At Scyllaeum King Eumenes with three ships met him, after having long waited at Aegina, uncertain what to do, whether to go home to defend his own kingdom —for he kept hearing that Antiochus was at Ephesus equipping his fleets and armies —or never to separate from the Romans, on whom his own fortunes depended.
42.6. ad Scyllaeum Eumenes rex cum tribus navibus occurrit, cum Aeginae diu incertus consilii fuisset, utrum ad tuendum rediret regnum—audiebat enim Antiochum Ephesi navales terrestrisque parare copias—, an nusquam abscederet ab Romanis, ex quorum fortuna sua penderet.
42.7. From Piraeus Aulus Atilius turned over to his successor twenty-five decked ships and returned to Rome. Livius with eighty-one decked ships and many smaller craft in addition, which were either open ships with beaks or scouting-vessels without beaks, crossed to Delos.
42.7. a Piraeo A. Atilius traditis successori quinque et viginti navibus tectis Romam est profectus. Livius una et octoginta constratis navibus, multis praeterea minoribus, quae aut apertae rostratae aut sine rostris speculatoriae erant, Delum traiecit.
43.1. At about this time the consul Acilius was besieging Naupactus. Livius was detained at Delos for several days by adverse winds, and indeed the region around the Cyclades, which are separated from one another, some by wider straits, some by narrower, is exceedingly windy.
43.1. eo [fere] tempore consul Acilius Naupactum oppugnabat. Livium Deli per aliquot dies—et est ventosissima regio inter Cycladas fretis alias maioribus, alias minoribus divisas— adversi venti tenuerunt.
43.2. Polyxenidas, being informed by the vessels which had been sent to reconnoitre that the Roman fleet was delayed at Delos, sent messengers to the king.
43.2. Polyxenidas certior per dispositas speculatorias naves factus Deli stare Romanam classem, nuntios ad regem misit.
43.3. He, dropping everything he was doing at the Hellespont, returned with his beaked ships with all possible speed to Ephesus and at once held a council as to whether they should make trial of a naval battle.
43.3. qui omissis, quae in Hellesponto agebat, cum rostratis navibus, quantum accelerare poterat, Ephesum redit et consilium extemplo habuit, faciendumne periculum navalis certaminis foret.
43.4. Polyxenidas maintained that they should not delay, but should fight before the fleet of Eumenes and the Rhodian ships should join the Romans;
43.4. Polyxenidas negabat cessandum et utique prius confligendum quam classis Eumenis et Rhodiae naves coniungerentur Romanis:
43.5. thus they would be practically equal in numbers, superior in everything else, both in the speed of the ships and in the varied character of their auxiliaries.
43.5. ita numero non ferme impares futuros se, ceteris omnibus superiores, et celeritate navium et varietate auxiliorum.
43.6. For the Roman ships were not only unskilfully constructed and hard to move, but were also laden down with supplies, since they were coming to a hostile country; but their own ships, since they were leaving everything around them peaceful, would carry nothing except soldiers and arms.
43.6. nam Romanas naves cum ipsas inscite factas immobiles esse, tum etiam, ut quae in terram hostium veniant, oneratas commeatu venire;
43.7. Their acquaintance with the sea, the lands and the winds would also help greatly, and all these would make trouble for an enemy unfamiliar with them.
43.7. suas autem, ut pacata omnia circa se relinquentis, nihil praeter militem atque arma habituras. multum etiam adiuturam notitiam maris terrarumque et ventorum, quae omnia ignaros turbatura hostis essent.
43.8. The author of this advice, who would also put the plan into effect, had weight with all. Delaying two days in preparation, they set sail on the third day with a hundred ships, all of smaller size, seventy being decked, the rest open, and came to Phocaea.
43.8. movit omnis auctor consilii, qui et re consilium exsecuturus erat. biduum in apparatu morati tertio die centum navibus, quarum septuaginta tectae ceterae apertae minoris omnes formae erant, profecti Phocaeam petierunt.
43.9. When he had heard that a Roman fleet was approaching, the king, since he did not intend to be present at the naval battle, returned from there to Magnesia, which is near Sipylus, to assemble his land forces;
43.9. inde, cum audisset appropinquare iam Romanam classem, rex, quia non interfuturus navali certamini erat, Magnesiam, quae ad Sipylum est, concessit ad terrestris copias comparandas;
43.10. the fleet made haste to Cissus, the harbour of the Erythraei, as if it were more convenient to meet the enemy there.
43.10. classis ad Cissuntem portum Erythraeorum, tamquam ibi aptius expectatura hostem, contendit.
43.11. As soon as the north winds subsided —they had been blowing for several days —the Romans stood out from Delos toward Phanae, a harbour of the Chians facing the Aegean sea; there they brought the fleet around to the city and after taking on provisions crossed to Phocaea.
43.11. Romani, ubi primum aquilones—ii namque per aliquot dies tenuerant—ceciderunt, ab Delo Phanas, portum Chiorum in Aegaeum mare versum, petunt; inde ad urbem circumegere naves, commeatuque sumpto Phocaeam traiciunt.
43.12. Eumenes went to his fleet at Elaea and a few days later returned to Phocaea with twenty-four decked ships and a somewhat larger number of open vessels, finding the Romans making themselves ready and fit for a naval battle.
43.12. Eumenes Elaeam ad suam classem profectus, paucis post inde diebus cum quattuor et viginti navibus tectis, apertis pluribus paulo Phocaeam ad Romanos parantis instruentisque se ad navale certamen rediit.
43.13. Thence they set out with one hundred and five decked ships and about fifty open vessels, and when at first they were driven towards the shore by north winds blowing across their course, the ships were compelled to proceed in a thin column, almost in single file; then when the violence of the wind moderated a little they tried to cross to the harbour of Corycus, which is above Cissus.
43.13. inde centum quinque tectis navibus, apertis ferme quinquaginta profecti, primo aquilonibus transversis cum urgerentur in terram, cogebantur tenui agmine prope in ordinem singulae naves ire; deinde, ut lenita paulum vis venti est, ad Corycum portum, qui super Cissuntem est, conati sunt traicere.
44.1. Polyxenidas, when the news was brought that the enemy was coming, rejoicing at the opportunity of fighting, himself drew the left wing out into the open sea, ordered the ship-captains to extend the right flank towards the land, and advanced to the fight in a regular line.
44.1. Polyxenidas, ut appropinquare hostis adlatum est, occasione pugnandi laetus sinistrum ipse cornu in altum extendit, dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare iubet, et aequa fronte ad pugnam procedebat.
44.2. When the Roman saw this he took in sail, lowered his masts and at the same time stowing his tackle he awaited the oncoming ships. There were now about thirty of his ships in front, and in order to bring his left wing into line with them, hoisting his top-sails he tried to get out into deep water, ordering the following ships, opposing the enemy's right wing, to steer towards the shore.
44.2. quod ubi vidit Romanus, vela contrahit malosque inclinat et simul armamenta componens opperitur insequentis navis. iam fere triginta in fronte erant, quibus ut aequaret laevum cornu, dolonibus erectis altum petere intendit, iussis qui sequebantur adversus dextrum cornu prope terram proras derigere.
44.4. Eumenes was in the rear, but as soon as he saw the confusion caused by clearing for action he too urged his ships forward at their utmost speed.
44.4. Eumenes agmen cogebat; ceterum, ut demendis armamentis tumultuari primum coeptum est, et ipse, quanta maxime celeritate potest, concitat naves.
44.5. Now they were in sight of all. Two Carthaginian ships were ahead of the Roman fleet, and three ships of the king encountered them;
44.5. iam omnibus in conspectu erant. duae Punicae naves antecedebant Romanam classem, quibus obviae tres fuerunt regiae naves;
44.6. and, their numbers being unequal, two of the king's ships attacked one, and first they sheared off the oars on both sides, then armed men boarded it, and throwing overboard and killing the defenders, took the ship;
44.6. et, ut in numero impari, duae regiae unam circumsistunt, et primum ab utroque latere remos detergunt, deinde transcendunt armati et deiectis caesisque propugnatoribus navem capiunt;
44.7. the one which was fighting in equal combat, when it saw that the other ship was taken, fled to the fleet before it should be surrounded by three. Livius, inflamed with passion, made for the enemy with the flagship.
44.7. una, quae pari Marte concurrerat, postquam captam alteram navem vidit, priusquam ab tribus simul circumveniretur, retro ad classem refugit.
44.8. When the two which had just surrounded the Carthaginian ship came up, hoping to repeat their tactics, he ordered the rowers on both sides to trail their oars in the water to steady the ship and the men to throw iron grappling-hooks upon the approaching hostile ships, and when they had made the engagement like one on land, he bade them remember Roman valour and not to consider the king's slaves as men.
44.8. Livius indignatione accensus praetoria nave in hostes tendit. adversus quam eadem spe duae, quae Punicam unam navem circumvenerant, cum inferrentur, demittere remos in aquam ab utroque latere remiges stabiliendae navis causa iussit, et in advenientis hostium naves ferreas manus inicere et, ubi pugnam pedestri similem fecissent, meminisse Romanae virtutis nec pro viris ducere regia mancipia.
44.9. With greater ease than the two had captured one before, the one ship at this time defeated and captured two. And now the fleets had clashed everywhere and with the ships intermingled the battle was raging on every side.
44.9. haud paulo facilius quam ante duae unam, tunc una duas naves expugnavit cepitque.
44.10. Eumenes, who had arrived late, when the battle had already begun, seeing that the left wing of the enemy had been thrown into confusion by Livius, himself attacked their right, where the battle was evenly matched.
44.10. et iam classes quoque undique concurrerant, et passim permixtis navibus pugnabatur. Eumenes, qui [extremus] commisso certamine advenerat, ut animadvertit laevum cornu hostium ab Livio turbatum, dextrum ipse, ubi aequa pugna erat, invadit.
45.1. And not long after the flight began on the left flank. For when Polyxenidas saw that without question he was inferior in the courage of his soldiers, raising his top-sails he began a hurried flight; presently even those who had joined battle with Eumenes near the shore did the same.
45.1. neque ita multo post primum ab laevo cornu fuga coepit. Polyxenidas enim ut virtute militum haud dubie se superari vidit, sublatis dolonibus effuse fugere intendit; mox idem et qui prope terram cum Eumene contraxerant certamen fecerunt.
45.2. The Romans and Eumenes, so long as the rowers could hold out and there was any hope of harassing the rear, pursued with stubbornness enough.
45.2. Romani et Eumenes, quoad sufficere remiges potuerunt et in spe erant extremi agminis vexandi, satis pertinaciter secuti sunt.
45.3. But when, after vain efforts, they saw that the enemy's ships, which were sailing light, were by their swiftness escaping their own, which were laden with supplies, they at length ceased, having captured thirteen ships along with their marines and rowers, and sunk ten.
45.3. postquam celeritate navium, utpote levium, suas commeatu onustas eludi frustra tendentis viderunt, tandem abstiterunt tredecim captis navibus cum milite ac remige, decem demersis.
45.4. Of the Roman fleet, the one Carthaginian ship which, at the beginning of the battle, had been surrounded by two, was lost. Polyxenidas did not stop his flight until he reached the harbour of Ephesus.
45.4. Romanae classis una Punica navis, in primo certamine ab duabus circumventa, periit. Polyxenidas non prius quam in portu Ephesi fugae finem fecit.
45.5. The Romans on that day remained at the place from which the king's fleet had come; the next day they set out to pursue the enemy. About half-way on the journey twenty-five decked Rhodian ships under Pausistratus, commander of the fleet, met them.
45.5. Romani eo die, unde egressa regia classis erat, manserunt; postero die hostem persequi intenderunt. medio fere in cursu obviae fuere iis quinque et viginti tectae Rhodiae naves cum Pausistrato praefecto classis.
45.6. Thus reinforced, they followed the enemy to Ephesus and stood drawn up in line of battle before the entrance to the harbour. Now that they had wrung a confession of inferiority from the defeated, the Rhodians and Eumenes were sent home;
45.6. his adiunctis Ephesum hostem persecuti ante ostium portus acie instructa steterunt. postquam confessionem victis satis expresserunt, Rhodii et Eumenes domos dimissi;
45.7. the Romans on their way to Chios first sailed past Phoenicus, the port of the Erythraean land, and at nightfall dropped anchor; the next day they crossed to the island and to the city itself. There they delayed a few days resting their rowers, and then crossed to Phocaea.
45.7. Romani Chium petentes, Phoenicuntem primum portum Erythraeae terrae praetervecti, nocte ancoris iactis, postero die in insulam ad ipsam urbem traiecerunt. ubi paucos dies remige maxime reficiendo morati Phocaeam tramittunt.
45.8. Leaving four quinqueremes there as a garrison for the city, the fleet came to Canae; and since winter was now at hand, the ships were beached and surrounded with a wall and ditch.
45.8. ibi relictis ad praesidium urbis quattuor quinqueremibus ad Canas classis venit; et, cum iam hiems appeteret, fossa valloque circumdatis naves subductae.
45.9. At the end of the year the elections were held in Rome, at which Lucius Cornelius Scipio and Gaius Laelius —all looking towards Africanus —were chosen consuls to end the war with Antiochus. The next day the praetors were elected, Marcus Tuccius, Lucius Aurunculeius, Gnaeus Fulvius, Lucius Aemilius, Publius Junius, Gaius Atinius Labeo.
45.9. exitu anni comitia Romae habita, quibus creati sunt consules L. Cornelius Scipio et C. Laelius Africanum intuentibus cunctis ad finiendum cum Antiocho bellum. postero die praetores creati M. Tuccius L. Aurunculeius Cn. Fulvius L. Aemilius P. Iunius C. Atinius Labeo.