1.3. The consul Lentulus was directed to enlist new legions, Villius to take over the army from Publius Sulpicius; he was allowed, as addition thereto, to enroll whatever number of soldiers he saw fit.
1.3. Lentulus consul novas legiones scribere iussus, Villius a P. Sulpicio exercitum accipere; in supplementum eius, quantum militum videretur, ut scriberet, ipsi permissum.
1.4. The legions which Gaius Aurelius the consul had had were decreed to the praetor Baebius, with the proviso that he should keep them until the consul with the new army should relieve him;
1.4. praetori Baebio legiones, quas C. Aurelius consul habuisset, ita decretae, ut retineret eas, donec consul novo cum exercitu succederet;
1.5. when he arrived in Gaul, all the soldiers who had served their terms were to be sent home except five thousand of the allies; this number seemed sufficient to hold the province around Ariminum.
1.5. in Galliam ubi is venisset, omnes milites exauctorati domum dimitterentur praeter quinque milia socium;
1.6. The authority of two praetors of the preceding year was extended, that of Gaius Sergius, to permit him to organize the distribution of land to the soldiers who had served for many years in Spain, Sicily, and Sardinia, and that of Quintus Minucius, to enable him to complete the inquiry regarding conspiracies in Bruttium, which he had carried on as praetor with loyalty and energy, to return to Locri for punishment the men he had sent in chains to Rome after they were found guilty of sacrilege, and to arrange to replace the money stolen from the shrine of Persephone, along with the sin-offerings.
1.6. iis obtineri circa Ariminum provinciam satis esse. prorogatum imperium praetoribus prioris anni, C. Sergio, ut militibus, qui in Hispania, Sicilia, Sardinia stipendia per multos annos fecissent, agrum adsignandum curaret, Q. Minucio, ut in Bruttiis idem de coniurationibus quaestiones, quas praetor cum fide curaque exercuisset, perficeret et eos, quos sacrilegii compertos in vinculis Romam misisset, Locros mitteret ad supplicium, quaeque sublata ex delubro Proserpinae essent, reponenda cum piaculis curaret.
1.9. The Latin Festival was repeated by order of the pontiffs, because delegates from Ardea had made complaint in the senate that the flesh of the animals sacrificed on the Alban Mount had not been given to them, as was the custom.
1.9. feriae Latinae pontificum decreto instauratae sunt, ab Suessa nuntiatum est duas portas quodque inter eas muri erat de caelo tactum;
1.10. News came from Suessa that two gates and the adjacent portion of the wall had been struck by lightning; and ambassadors from Formiae reported that the same thing had happened to the temple of Jupiter, from Ostia, to the temple of Jupiter, from Velitrae, to the shrines of Apollo and Sangus; and it was said that the hair had grown in the temple of Hercules;
1.10. et Formiani legati aedem Iovis, item Ostienses aedem Iovis, et Veliterni Apollinis et Sangus aedes, et in Herculis aede capillum enatum;
1.11. also, Quintus Minucius the propraetor wrote from Bruttium that a five-legged colt had been born, and three chicks each with three feet.
1.11. et ex Bruttiis ab Q. Minucio propraetore scriptum eculeum cum quinque pedibus, pullos gallinaceos tris cum ternis pedibus natos esse.
1.12. Letters were brought from Macedonia, from the proconsul Publius Sulpicius, in which, among other things, it was said that a laurel had grown out of the stern of a war-ship.
1.12. a P. Sulpicio proconsule ex Macedonia litterae adlatae, in quibus inter cetera scriptum erat lauream in puppi navis longae enatam.
1.13. By reason of the former prodigies, the senate had decreed that the consuls should sacrifice full-grown victims to whatever gods it seemed wise; on account of this last event, the haruspices were called into the senate, and on their advice a period of prayer was proclaimed to the people for one day, and sacrifices were performed at all the banquet tables of the gods.
1.13. priorum prodigiorum causa senatus censuerat, ut consules maioribus hostiis, quibus diis videretur, sacrificarent; ob hoc unum prodigium haruspices in senatum vocati, atque ex responso eorum supplicatio populo in diem unum indicta et ad omnia pulvinaria res divinae factae.
2.1. The Carthaginians that year brought to Rome the first instalment of the tribute imposed upon them.
2.1. Carthaginienses eo anno argentum in stipendium impositum primum Romam advexerunt.
2.2. Because the quaestors reported that it was not pure silver and since a fourth part of it melted away - while they were testing it, the Carthaginians made up the shortage in the amount of money by borrowing in Rome.
2.2. id quia probum non esse quaestores renuntiaverant, experientibusque pars quarta decocta erat, pecunia Romae mutua sumpta intertrimentum argenti expleverunt.
2.3. At their request that, if the senate was now favourably disposed, their hostages should be returned to them, one hundred hostages were given back;
2.3. petentibus deinde, ut, si iam videretur senatui, obsides sibi redderentur, centum redditi obsides; de ceteris, si in fide permanerent, spes facta.
2.4. hope for the rest was offered if they remained faithful. When they asked also that the hostages who were not returned should be moved from Norba, where they were not comfortable, to some other place, it was permitted them to go to Signia or Ferentinum.
2.4. petentibus iisdem, qui non reddebantur obsides ut ab Norba, ubi parum commode essent, alio traducerentur, concessum, ut Signiam et Ferentinum transirent. Gaditanis item petentibus remissum, ne praefectus Gadis mitteretur adversus id, quod iis in fidem populi Romani venientibus cum L. Marcio Septimo convenisset.
2.6. A concession was also made to the people of Gades, who asked that no prefect should be sent to Gades contrary to what had been agreed upon with Lucius Marcius Septimus when they put themselves under the protection of the Roman people. Also, when ambassadors from Narnia complained that the colonists there were not up to the number determined, and that some persons of alien race, mingling with them, were conducting themselves as colonists, by reason of this report the consul Lucius Cornelius was directed to appoint a board of three to investigate. This board consisted of Publius and Sextus Aelius — both surnamed Paetus — and Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus. What had been granted to the people of Narnia, to wit, the increasing of the number of colonists, the people of Cosa asked but did not obtain.
2.6. et Narniensium legatis querentibus ad numerum sibi colonos non esse et immixtos quosdam non sui generis pro colonis se gerere, earum rerum causa tresviros creare L. Cornelius consul iussus. creati P. et Sex. Aelii — Paetis fuit ambobus cognomen — et Cn. Cornelius Lentulus. quod Narniensibus datum, ut colonorum numerus augeretur, id Cosani petentes non impetraverunt.
3.1. The consuls transacted the necessary business at Rome and departed for their provinces.
3.1. rebus, quae Romae agendae erant, perfectis consules in provincias profecti.
3.2. Publius Villius, on his arrival in Macedonia, found a dangerous mutiny in the army, begun some time before and not repressed with sufficient vigour at the outset.
3.2. P. Villius in Macedoniam cum venisset, atrox seditio militum iam ante irritata nec satis in principio compressa excepit.
3.3. There were about two thousand soldiers who had been brought back from Africa to Sicily after the defeat of Hannibal, and about a year later moved to Macedonia as volunteers. They asserted that this had not been done with their consent; they had been put on board by their tribunes in spite of their protests.
3.3. duo milia ea militum fuere, quae ex Africa post devictum Hannibalem in Siciliam, inde anno fere post in Macedoniam pro voluntariis transportata erant, id voluntate factum negabant:
3.4. But whatever the facts were, whether their service was compulsory or voluntary, it was, they said, finished, and it was right that there be some end to their soldiering.
3.4. ab tribunis recusantes in naves impositos. sed utcumque, seu iniuncta seu suscepta foret militia, et eam exhaustam, et finem aliquem militandi fieri aequum esse.
3.5. For many years they had not seen Italy; they had grown old under arms in Sicily, Africa, Macedonia; they were now worn out by labour and exertion and drained of blood by the many wounds they had received.
3.5. multis annis sese Italiam non vidisse; consenuisse sub armis in Sicilia, Africa, Macedonia; confectos iam se labore opere, exangues tot acceptis vulneribus esse.
3.6. The consul replied that their demand for discharge seemed to have merit if properly presented; but neither this cause nor any other justified mutiny.
3.6. consul causam postulandae missionis probabilem, si modeste peteretur, videri dixit; seditionis nec eam nec ullam aliam satis iustam causam esse.
3.7. Accordingly, if they chose to remain with the standards and obey orders, he would write to the senate regarding their discharge; they would obtain what they wanted more easily by obedience than by resistance.
3.7. itaque si manere ad signa et dicto parere velint, se de missione eorum ad senatum scripturum; modestia facilius quam pertinacia quod velint impetraturos.
4.1. Philip was at that time besieging Thaumaci with the greatest energy, using terraces and mantlets, and was on the point of using his battering-ram against the walls;
4.1. Thaumacos eo tempore Philippus summa vi oppugnabat aggeribus vineisque et iam arietem muris admoturus erat;
4.2. but he was compelled to give up his enterprise by the sudden attack of the Aetolians, who, under the command of Archidamus, slipped through the screen of Macedonian patrols into the city, and never, either by night or day, ceased making sallies, now against the Macedonian outposts, now against their siege-works. The nature of the place, - too, aided them.
4.2. ceterum incepto absistere eum coegit subitus Aetolorum adventus, qui Archidamo duce inter custodias Macedonum moenia ingressi nec nocte nec die finem ullum erumpendi nunc in stationes nunc in opera Macedonum faciebant. et adiuvabat eos natura ipsa loci.
4.3. For Thaumaci lies high above the road as you come from Pylae and the Malian Gulf by way of Lamia, on the very pass, overlooking what they call Hollow Thessaly;
4.3. namque Thaumaci a Pylis sinuque Maliaco per Lamiam eunti loco alto siti sunt in ipsis faucibus, imminentes, quam Coelen vocant, Thessaliae;
4.4. the country is rough as you pass through, over roads that wind their way through twisting valleys, and when you reach the city, suddenly the whole plain spreads out before you like an expanse of open sea, so that you can hardly measure with your eyes the fields beneath you.
4.4. quae transeunti confragosa loca inplicatasque flexibus vallium vias, ubi ventum ad hanc urbem est, repente velut maris vasti sic universa panditur planities, ut subiectos campos terminare oculis haud facile queas.
4.5. From this marvellous sight is derived the name “Thaumaci.” The city is defended both by its lofty site and by the fact that it lies on cliffs with steep descents on all sides.
4.5. ab eo miraculo Thaumaci appellati. nec altitudine solum tuta urbs, sed quod saxo undique absciso rupibus imposita est.
4.6. These difficulties, together with the fact that it was scarcely a due reward for so much effort and risk, induced Philip to abandon his design.
4.6. hae difficultates et quod haud satis dignum tanti laboris periculique pretium erat, ut absisteret incepto Philippus, effecerunt.
4.7. Winter, too, was now at hand when he retired from there and led his troops into winter quarters in Macedonia.
4.7. hiems quoque iam instabat, cum inde abscessit et in Macedoniam in hiberna copias reduxit.
5.1. There the rest devoted to relaxation of mind and body alike whatever little quiet time was allowed them;
5.1. ibi ceteri quidem data quanticunque quiete temporis simul animos corporaque remiserant;
5.2. Philip, however great relief of mind he had obtained after the ceaseless labour of marching and fighting, was so much the more concerned and worried about the final outcome of the war, not only fearing the enemy, who was pressing upon him by land and sea, but distrusting the attitude now of his allies, now even of his subjects, fearing both that the former should revolt, in the hope of an alliance with the Romans, and that the Macedonians themselves should be inspired by a desire for revolution.
5.2. Philippum, quantum ab adsiduis laboribus itinerum pugnarumque laxaverat animum, tanto magis intentum in universum eventum belli curae angunt, non hostis modo timentem, qui terra marique urgebant, sed nunc sociorum, nunc etiam popularium animos, ne et illi ad spem amicitiae Romanorum deficerent, et Macedonas ipsos cupido novandi res caperet.
5.4. So he sent ambassadors to Achaea, partly to demand the oath — for they had agreed to renew annually their pledges of loyalty to him — and partly to restore to the Achaeans Orchomenus and Heraea, and also Triphylia which had been taken from the Eleans, and to the Megalopolites Aliphera, since they argued that this city had never belonged to Triphylia, but should be given back to them, since it was one of the towns that had been turned over to form the city of Megalopolis in accordance with the decree of the Arcadian council.
5.4. itaque et in Achaiam legatos misit, simul qui iusiurandum — ita enim pepigerant, quotannis iuraturos in verba Philippi — exigerent, simul qui redderent Achaeis Orchomenon et Heraean et Triphylian Eleis ademptam, Megalopolitis Alipheran, contendentibus numquam eam urbem fuisse ex Triphylia, sed sibi debere restitui, quia una esset ex iis, quae ad condendam Megalen polin ex concilio Arcadum contributae forent.
5.6. And with the Achaeans indeed he did by these measures strengthen the alliance;
5.6. et cum Achaeis quidem per haec societatem firmabat;
5.7. but with regard to the disposition of the Macedonians, since he realized that his friendship with Heraclides was particularly a source of unpopularity for him, he heaped accusations upon him and threw him into prison, to the great joy of the people. Philip at this time made preparation with great energy, if he had ever done so before, on any occasion, and drilled both his Macedonians and his mercenary troops, and in the beginning of spring sent all his foreign auxiliaries and what light-armed troops he had, under Athenagoras, to Chaonia by way of Epirus, to hold the passes leading to Antigonea — the Greeks call them The Narrows.
5.7. ad Macedonum animos cum Heracliden amicum maxime invidiae sibi esse cerneret, multis criminibus oneratum in vincla coniecit ingenti popularium gaudio. bellum si quando umquam ante alias, tum magna cura apparavit exercuitque in armis et Macedonas et mercennarios milites principioque veris cum Athenagora omnia externa auxilia quodque levis armaturae erat in Chaoniam per Epirum ad occupandas quae ad Antigoneam fauces sunt —
5.10. He himself followed a few days later with the heavier troops, and when he had reconnoitred the whole region, he determined upon a site near the river Aous as the most suitable place for a fortified base of operations.
5.10. Stena vocant Graeci — misit. ipse post paucis diebus graviore secutus agmine, cum situm omnem regionis adspexisset, maxime idoneum ad muniendum locum credidit esse praeter amnem Aoum.
5.11. This river, flowing through a defile between ranges, one called by the natives Meropus, the other Asnaus, leaves a narrow road along the bank. He ordered Athenagoras and the light troops to hold and fortify Asnaus; he himself pitched camp on Meropus.
5.11. is inter montes, quorum alterum Meropum, alterum Asnaum incolae vocant, angusta valle fluit, iter exiguum super ripam praebens. Asnaum Athenagoram cum levi armatura tenere et communire iubet; ipse in Meropo posuit castra.
5.12. Where the cliffs were steep, a guard of a few armed men held them; where they were less defensible, they were protected, some by ditches, some by ramparts, some by towers. Numerous pieces of artillery were also posted in suitable places, to keep the enemy at a distance with their missiles.
5.12. qua abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat; qua minus tuta erant, alia fossis, alia vallo, alia turribus muniebat.
5.13. The royal headquarters he established in plain sight on a hill in front of the rampart, to inspire terror in the enemy and in his own men the hope that springs from confidence.
5.13. magna tormentorum etiam vis, ut missilibus procul arcerent hostem, idoneis locis disposita est. tabernaculum regium pro vallo in conspecto maxime tumulo, ut terrorem hostibus suisque spem ex fiducia faceret, positum.
6.1. The consul had learned through Charopus the Epirote what passes the king had occupied with his army, and after wintering in Corcyra he crossed to the mainland at the coming of spring and began to lead his army against the enemy.
6.1. consul per Charopum Epiroten certior factus, quos saltus cum exercitu insedisset rex, et ipse, cum Corcyrae hibernasset, vere primo in continentem travectus ad hostem ducere pergit.
6.2. When he was about five miles from the king's camp, after fortifying the place and leaving behind the legions, he himself went forward to reconnoitre with some light troops, and on the next day held a council, whether he should try to force a passage through the valley which was held by the enemy, although great labour and danger were involved, or should follow the same circuitous route by which Sulpicius had entered Macedonia the previous year.
6.2. quinque milia ferme ab regiis castris cum abesset, loco munito relictis legionibus ipse cum expeditis progressus ad speculanda loca postero die consilium habuit, utrum per insessum ab hoste saltum, quamquam labor ingens periculumque proponeretur, transitum temptaret, an eodem itinere, quo priore anno Sulpicius Macedoniam intraverat, circumduceret copias.
6.4. While he was spending many days in discussing this question, word came to him that Titus Quinctius had been elected consul, had obtained from the lots the province of Macedonia, had hastened his journey, and had already arrived at Corcyra.
6.4. hoc consilium per multos dies agitanti ei nuntius venit T. Quinctium consulem factum sortitumque provinciam Macedoniam maturato itinere iam Corcyram traiecisse.
6.5. Valerius Antias writes that Villius, because he could not use the direct road, since the whole country was held by the king, entered the defile, followed the valley through the midst of which the river Aous flows, and, hastily throwing a bridge over the river to the bank on which the king's camp lay, - crossed and engaged the enemy; that he defeated the king and put him to flight and expelled him from his camp;
6.5. Valerius Antias intrasse saltum Villium tradit, quia recto itinere nequiverit omnibus ab rege insessis, secutum vallem, per quam mediam fertur Aous amnis, ponte raptim facto in ripam, in qua erant castra regia, transgressum acie conflixisse; fusum fugatumque regem, castris exutum;
6.7. that he killed twelve thousand of the enemy in that battle and captured- two thousand two hundred, together with one hundred thirty-two standards and two hundred thirty horses; and that he vowed a temple to Jupiter in this battle, if success attended him.
6.7. duodecim milia hostium eo proelio caesa, capta duo milia et ducentos et signa militaria centum triginta duo, equos ducentos triginta; aedem etiam Iovi in eo proelio votam, si res prospere gesta esset.
6.8. The other Greek and Latin writers, at least those whose annals I have consulted, report that Villius did nothing worthy of remark, but handed over to the next consul, Titus Quinctius, the war in the same state that he had received it.
6.8. ceteri Graeci Latinique auctores, quorum quidem ego legi annales, nihil memorabile a Villio actum integrumque bellum insequentem consulem T. Quinctium accepisse tradunt.
7.1. While this was happening in Macedonia, the other consul, Lucius Lentulus, who had remained at Rome, held the meeting for the election of censors.
7.1. dum haec in Macedonia geruntur, consul alter L. Lentulus, qui Romae substiterat, comitia censoribus creandis habuit.
7.2. Although many distinguished men were candidates, Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus and Publius Aelius Paetus were elected censors.
7.2. multis claris petentibus viris creati censores P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus et P. Aelius Paetus.
7.3. They selected the members of the senate in complete harmony with one another and without putting the brand of infamy on any man, let the contract for the collection of the sales-tax at Capua and Puteoli and the port-duties of Castra, where there is now a town, and for this place enrolled three hundred colonists — for this number had been fixed by the senate — and sold the land of Capua at the foot of Mount Tifata. At this same time Lucius Manlius Acidinus, on his return from Spain, was prevented by Publius Porcius Laeca, tribune of the people, from entering the city in ovation, although the privilege had been granted him by the senate, and, entering the city as a private person, deposited in the treasury twelve hundred pounds of silver and about thirty pounds of gold.
7.3. ii magna inter se concordia et senatum sine ullius nota legerunt et portoria venalicium Capuae Puteolisque, item Castrum portorium, quo in loco nunc oppidum est, fruendum locarunt colonosque eo trecentos — is enim numerus finitus ab senatu erat — adscripserunt et sub Tifatis Capuae agrum vendiderunt. sub idem tempus L. Manlius Acidinus ex Hispania decedens, prohibitus a P. Porcio Laeca tribuno plebis ne ovans rediret, cum ab senatu impetrasset, privatus urbem ingrediens mille ducenta pondo argenti, triginta pondo ferme auri in aerarium tulit.
7.5. During the same year, Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus, who had succeeded Gaius Aurelius, consul of the preceding year, as governor of the province of Gaul, rashly invaded the territory of the Insubrian Gauls and was cut off with almost his entire army;
7.5. eodem anno Cn. Baebius Tamphilus, qui ab C. Aurelio, consule anni prioris, provinciam Galliam acceperat, temere ingressus Gallorum Insubrum finis prope cum toto exercitu est circumventus:
7.6. he lost more than six thousand seven hundred men; such a disaster was suffered in a war that no one any longer feared. This event summoned Lucius Lentulus the consul from the city.
7.6. supra sex milia et septingentos milites amisit; tanta ex eo bello, quod iam timeri desierat, clades accepta est.
7.7. When he arrived in a province full of terror and had taken over a panic-stricken army, he roundly upbraided the praetor and ordered him to leave the province and return to Rome.
7.7. ea res L. Lentulum consulem ab urbe excivit. qui ut in provinciam venit plenam tumultus, trepido exercitu accepto praetorem multis probris increpitum provincia decedere atque abire Romam iussit.
7.8. Nor did the consul, even, accomplish anything worth recording, being recalled to Rome to hold the elections; the actual meetings were blocked by the plebeian tribunes Marcus Fulvius and Manius Curius, because they would not allow Titus Quinctius Flamininus to stand for the consulship immediately after the quaestorship:
7.8. neque ipse consul memorabile quicquam gessit, comitiorum causa Romam revocatus; quae ipsa per M. Fulvium et M'. Curium tribunos plebis impediebantur, quod T. Quinctium Flamininum consulatum ex quaestura petere non patiebantur:
7.10. the aedileship and praetorship, they said, were already treated with contempt, and the nobles, without passing through the offices in succession, and so giving proof of their worth, were aiming straight at the consulship and, leaping over the intermediate stages, were making the highest distinctions continuous with the lowest.
7.10. iam aedilitatem praeturamque fastidiri, nec per honorum gradus, documentum sui dantis, nobiles homines tendere ad consulatum, sed transcendendo media summa imis continuare.
7.11. - After being debated in the assembly, the matter was referred to the senate. The Fathers voted that it seemed proper that the right should reside in the people to elect anyone they chose who sought an office it was legally permissible to him to hold.
7.11. res ex campestri certamine in senatum pervenit. patres censuerunt, qui honorem, quem sibi capere per leges liceret, peteret, in eo populo creandi, quem velit, potestatem fieri aequum esse.
7.12. The tribunes yielded to the senate's will. Sextus Aelius Paetus and Titus Quinctius Flamininus were chosen consuls.
7.12. in auctoritate patrum fuere tribuni. creati consules Sex. Aelius Paetus et T. Quinctius Flamininus.
7.13. Then the praetorian elections were held. The choice fell on Lucius Cornelius Merula, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Marcus Porcius Cato, and Gaius Helvius, who had been plebeian aediles. By them the Plebeian Games were repeated, and a banquet to Jupiter was held on the occasion of the games.
7.13. inde praetorum comitia habita. creati L. Cornelius Merula, M. Claudius Marcellus, M. Porcius Cato, C. Helvius, qui aediles plebis fuerant. ab iis ludi plebeii instaurati; et epulum Iovis fuit ludorum causa.
7.14. Also, the Roman Games were celebrated with great splendour by the curule aediles Gaius Valerius Flaccus (who was Flamen Dialis) and Gaius Cornelius Cethegus.
7.14. et ab aedilibus curulibus C. Valerio Flacco, flamine Diali, et C. Cornelio Cethego ludi Romani magno apparatu facti.
7.15. Servius and Gaius Sulpicius Galba, pontiffs, died that year; in their place Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio were appointed pontiffs.
7.15. Ser. et C. Sulpicii Galbae pontifices eo anno mortui sunt; in eorum locum M. Aemilius Lepidus et Cn. Cornelius Scipio pontifices suffecti sunt.
8.1. When Sextus Aelius Paetus and Titus - Quinctius Flamininus had been inaugurated and had convened the senate on the Capitoline, the senate decreed that the consuls should arrange between themselves or cast lots for the provinces of Macedonia and Italy;
8.1. sex. Aelius Paetus T. Quinctius Flamininus magistratu inito senatum in Capitolio cum habuissent, decreverunt patres, ut provincias Macedoniam atque Italiam consules compararent inter se sortirenturve;
8.2. whichever of them was allotted Macedonia was authorized to enlist, as reinforcement to the legions, three thousand Roman infantry and three hundred cavalry, and besides five thousand infantry and five hundred cavalry of the allies of the Latin confederacy.
8.2. utri eorum Macedonia evenisset, in supplementum legionum tria milia militum Romanorum scriberet et trecentos equites, item sociorum Latini nominis quinque milia peditum, quingentos equites.
8.3. An entirely new army was provided for the other consul. The command of Lucius Lentulus, consul of the previous year, was extended, and he was ordered not to leave the province himself or to discharge the veteran troops until the consul arrived with the new legions.
8.3. alteri consuli novus omnis exercitus decretus. L. Lentulo, prioris anni consuli, prorogatum imperium, vetitusque aut ipse provincia decedere prius aut veterem deducere exercitum, quam cum legionibus novis consul venisset.
8.4. The consuls drew lots for the provinces: Italy fell to Aelius, Macedonia to Quinctius.
8.4. sortiti consules provincias; Aelio Italia, Quinctio Macedonia evenit.
8.5. The praetors then drew, Lucius Cornelius Merula receiving the city jurisdiction, Marcus Claudius Sicily, Marcus Porcius Sardinia, Gaius Helvius Gaul.
8.5. praetores L. Cornelius Merula urbanam, M. Claudius Siciliam, M. Porcius Sardiniam, C. Helvius Galliam est sortitus.
8.6. They then began to conduct the levy; for in addition to the consular armies the enlistment of troops for the praetors as well was ordered; for Marcellus, for service in Sicily, four thousand infantry of the allies and the Latin confederacy and three hundred cavalry; for Cato, two thousand infantry and two hundred cavalry from the same source for Sardinia, so that these two praetors, on arrival in their provinces, could send home their veteran infantry and cavalry.
8.6. dilectus inde haberi est coeptus; nam praeter consulares exercitus praetoribus quoque iussi scribere milites erant, Marcello in Siciliam quattuor milia peditum socium et Latini nominis et trecentos equites, Catoni in Sardiniam ex eodem genere militum duo milia peditum,
8.8. The consuls then presented to the senate ambassadors from King Attalus.
8.8. ducentos equites, ita ut ii praetores ambo, cum in provincias venissent, veteres dimitterent pedites equitesque.
8.9. When they had explained that the king was aiding the Roman cause on land and sea with his fleet and all his forces, and had up to that day zealously and loyally performed whatever the Roman consuls ordered, they said that there was ground for fear that by reason of the activity of King Antiochus he could not guarantee to continue;
8.9. Attali deinde regis legatos in senatum consules introduxerunt. ii regem classe sua copiisque omnibus terra marique rem Romanam iuvare quaeque imperarent Romani consules, impigre atque oboedienter ad eam diem fecisse cum exposuissent, vereri dixerunt, ne id praestare ei per Antiochum regem ultra non liceret;
8.10. for Antiochus had invaded the kingdom of Attalus when it was stripped of the protection of its navy and army.
8.10. vacuum namque praesidiis navalibus terrestribusque regnum Attali Antiochum invasisse.
8.11. Therefore Attalus begged the senators, if they wished to employ his fleet and forces for the Macedonian war, themselves to send forces to defend his kingdom; if they did not, to permit him to return to defend his possessions with his fleet and other troops.
8.11. itaque Attalum orare patres conscriptos, si sua classi suaque opera uti ad Macedonicum bellum vellent, mitterent ipsi praesidium ad regnum eius tutandum; si id nollent, ipsum ad sua defendenda cum classe ac reliquis copiis redire paterentur.
8.12. - The senate ordered this reply given the ambassadors: that the senate appreciated the fact that King Attalus had aided the Roman generals with his fleet and other forces; that they would neither themselves send aid to Attalus against Antiochus, an ally and friend of the Roman people, nor keep Attalus' troops longer than was convenient for the king;
8.12. senatus legatis ita responderi iussit: quod rex Attalus classe copiisque aliis duces Romanos iuvisset, id gratum senatui esse;
8.13. that the Roman people had always employed the property of others at the pleasure of those others;
8.13. auxilia nec ipsos missuros Attalo adversus Antiochum, socium et amicum populi Romani, nec Attali auxilia retenturos ultra, quam regi commodum esset;
8.14. that both the beginning and the end of rendering assistance was under the control of those who wished the Roman people to enjoy their aid; that they would send ambassadors to Antiochus to point out that the Roman people was employing the aid of Attalus and his ships and soldiers against the common enemy Philip;
8.14. semper populum Romanum alienis rebus arbitrio alieno usum; et principium et finem in potestatem ipsorum, qui ope sua velint adiutos Romanos, esse;
8.15. that he would oblige the senate by keeping away from the kingdom of Attalus and refraining from war, and that it was proper that kings who were allies and friends of the Roman people should likewise be at peace with one another.
8.15. legatos ad Antiochum missuros, qui nuntient Attali naviumque eius et militum opera adversus Philippum communem hostem uti populum Romanum; gratum eum facturum senatui, si regno Attali abstineat belloque absistat; aequum esse socios et amicos populi Romani reges inter se quoque ipsos pacem servare.
9.1. The consul Titus Quinctius, when he had conducted his levy in such a way as to select generally soldiers of tried courage who had served in Spain or Africa, and was hastening his departure for his province, was detained by reports of prodigies and by their expiation.
9.1. consulem T. Quinctium ita habito dilectu, ut eos fere legeret, qui in Hispania aut Africa meruissent, spectatae virtutis milites, properantem in provinciam prodigia nuntiata atque eorum procuratio Romae tenuerunt.
9.2. Lightning struck a public highway at Veii, the forum and temple of Jupiter at Lanuvium, the temple of Hercules at Ardea, the wall and towers and the so-called “White Temple” at Capua; flames were seen in the sky at Arretium;
9.2. de caelo tacta erant via publica Veis, forum et aedes Iovis Lanuvi, Herculis aedes Ardeae, Capuae murus et turres et aedes, quae alba dicitur;
9.3. the earth subsided in a great cavern three iugera in extent at Velitrae; at Suessa Aurunca men said that a two-headed lamb was born, and at Sinuessa a pig with a man's head.
9.3. caelum ardere visum erat Arreti; terra Velitris trium iugerum spatio caverna ingenti desederat; Suessae Auruncae nuntiabant agnum cum duobus capitibus natum et Sinuessae porcum cum humano capite.
9.4. By reason of these prodigies a day of prayer was proclaimed, and the consuls attended to the sacrifices and, having appeased the gods, departed to their provinces, Aelius with the praetor Helvius to Gaul;
9.4. eorum prodigiorum causa supplicatio unum diem habita, et consules rebus divinis operam dederunt placatisque diis in provincias profecti sunt, Aelius cum Helvio praetore in Galliam;
9.5. and the army which he received from Lucius Lentulus, and which he was under obligation to discharge, he turned over to the praetor, intending himself to conduct the war with the new legions which he had brought with him. Nor did he accomplish anything noteworthy.
9.5. exercitumque ab L. Lentulo acceptum, quem dimittere debebat, praetori tradidit, ipse novis legionibus, quas secum adduxerat, bellum gesturus. neque memorabilis rei quicquam gessit.
9.6. When the other consul, Titus Quinctius, had crossed from Brundisium earlier than previous consuls had been wont to leave, he proceeded to Corcyra with eight thousand infantry and eight hundred cavalry. From Corcyra he crossed in a quinquereme to the nearest parts of Epirus and hastened rapidly to the Roman camp.
9.6. T. Quinctius alter consul maturius, quam priores soliti erant consules, a Brundisio cum tramisisset, Corcyram tenuit cum octo milibus peditum, equitibus octingentis.
9.7. There he delayed a few days after sending Villius home, until the troops from Corcyra overtook him, and held a council, whether to attempt to force a passage straight through the enemy's camp or, without even trying so difficult and dangerous a feat, to proceed into Macedonia rather by the safe but longer route through the Dassaretii and by way of Lyncus. And this latter view would have prevailed had there not been the fear that, when he had moved farther from the sea, he would let the enemy slip from his grasp, if, as had happened before, the king preferred to safeguard himself in wildernesses and forests, and the summer would be spent in vain.
9.7. ab Corcyra in proxima Epiri quinqueremi traiecit et in castra Romana magnis itineribus contendit. inde Villio dimisso paucos moratus dies, dum se copiae ab Corcyra adsequerentur, consilium habuit, utrum recto itinere per castra hostium vim facere conaretur, an ne temptata quidem re tanti laboris ac periculi per Dassaretios potius Lyncumque tuto circuitu Macedoniam intraret.
9.10. Whatever might then be the result, it was decided to attack the enemy, even on this very unfavourable terrain. But the council was firmer in its resolution to do this than clear as to how to accomplish it. Thus, sitting in sight of the enemy, they had wasted forty days without attempting anything. And so Philip was encouraged to try peace proposals through the mediation of the people of Epirus, and, after a council had been called, Pausanias the praetor and Alexander the master of the horse, chosen for the purpose, brought the consul and the king together in a conference at the point where the river Aous is confined within its narrowest course.
9.10. vicissetque ea sententia, ni timuisset, ne, cum a mari longius recessisset, emisso e manibus hoste, si, quod antea fecerat, solitudinibus silvisque se tutari rex voluisset, sine ullo effectu aestas extraheretur. utcumque esset igitur, illo ipso tam iniquo loco adgredi hostem placuit. sed magis fieri id placebat, quam, quomodo fieret, satis expediebant; diesque quadraginta sine ullo conatu sedentes in conspectu hostium absumpserant. inde spes data Philippo est per Epirotarum gentem temptandae pacis; habitoque concilio delecti ad eam rem agendam Pausanias praetor et Alexander magister equitum consulem et regem, ubi in artissimas ripas Aous cogitur amnis, in conloquium adduxerunt.
10.3. The substance of the consul's demands was this: The king should withdraw his garrisons from the cities; he should restore what property was recoverable to those whose lands and towns he had ravaged; a valuation should be made of the rest by an impartial board.
10.3. summa postulatorum consulis erat: praesidia ex civitatibus rex deduceret; iis, quorum agros urbesque populatus esset, redderet res, quae comparerent; ceterorum aequo arbitrio aestimatio fieret.
10.4. Philip replied that the status of the several cities was not uniform: those which he had himself captured, he would set free; of those which he had received from his forefathers he would not surrender his hereditary and lawful possession.
10.4. Philippus aliam aliarum civitatium condicionem esse respondit: quas ipse cepisset, eas liberaturum; quae sibi traditae a maioribus essent, earum hereditaria ac iusta possessione non excessurum.
10.5. If these states with which he had fought complained of any losses due to war, he would submit to arbiters chosen by them from nations with which both parties were at peace.
10.5. si quas quererentur belli clades eae civitates, cum quibus bellatum foret, arbitro quo vellent populorum, cum quibus pax utrisque fuisset, se usurum.
10.6. The consul responded that for this purpose there was no need of any arbiter or umpire: for to whom was it not evident that he who had been the aggressor in war inflicted the injury, and that Philip, attacked by none, had first waged war on all?
10.6. consul nihil ad id quidem arbitro aut iudice opus esse dicere; cui enim non apparere ab eo, qui prior arma intulisset, iniuriam ortam, nec Philippum ab ullis bello lacessitum priorem vim omnibus fecisse?
10.7. Then, when they came to discuss what states were to be set free, the consul named the Thessalians before all the rest. At this the king became so incensed with rage that he exclaimed, “What heavier command, Titus Quinctius, could you lay upon a beaten foe?”
10.7. inde cum ageretur, quae civitates liberandae essent, Thessalos primos omnium nominavit consul. ad id vero adeo accensus indignatione est rex, ut exclamaret:
10.8. and so rushed from the conference; and he was with difficulty restrained from beginning the battle with missiles, since they were separated by the intervening river.
10.8. 'quid victo gravius imperares, T. Quincti?', atque ita se ex colloquio proripuit; et temperatum aegre est, quin missilibus, quia dirempti medio amni fuerant, pugnam inter se consererent.
10.9. The next day, in consequence of sallies from the outposts, there were numerous slight skirmishes in the plain, which afforded ample space for them;
10.9. postero die per excursiones ab stationibus primo in planitie satis ad id patenti multa levia commissa proelia sunt;
10.10. then, as the royal forces withdrew to the steep and rugged hillsides, the Romans too, carried away by their zest for combat, forced their way to the same places.
10.10. deinde recipientibus se regiis in arta et confragosa loca aviditate accensi certaminis eo quoque Romani penetravere.
10.11. On their side were the advantages of order and discipline and armour adapted to affording protection to the wearer; on the enemy's, the terrain and the catapults and ballistae ranged on almost all the cliffs as along a wall.
10.11. pro his ordo et militaris disciplina et genus armorum erat, aptum tegendis corporibus; pro hoste loca et catapultae ballistaeque in omnibus prope rupibus quasi in muro dispositae.
10.12. When many had been wounded on both sides, and a considerable number had even fallen, as in a regular engagement, night put an end to the fighting.
10.12. multis hinc atque illinc vulneribus acceptis, cum etiam, ut in proelio iusto, aliquot cecidissent, nox pugnae finem fecit.
11.1. When matters were in this state, a shepherd, sent by Charopus, a leading man of Epirus, was brought before the consul.
11.1. cum in hoc statu res esset, pastor quidam a Charopo, principe Epirotarum, missus deducitur ad consulem.
11.2. He said that he had been accustomed to pasture his flocks in the valley which the king's camp then occupied, and knew all the tracks and paths of those hills.
11.2. is se in eo saltu qui regiis tum teneretur castris, armentum pascere solitum ait omnes montium eorum amfractus callesque nosse.
11.3. If the consul wished to send some men with him, he would guide them by a road, quite level and not very difficult, to a place commanding the enemy's position.
11.3. si secum aliquos consul mittere velit, se non iniquo nec perdifficili aditu super caput hostium eos educturum.
11.4. The consul, on hearing this, sent to Charopus to inquire whether he thought the shepherd should be trusted in so important a matter. Charopus ordered the message back to be that he should trust him, but only so far as to keep the control of the situation in his own hands rather than in the shepherd's. Wishing, rather than venturing, to trust him, and with feelings of mingled joy and apprehension, he was persuaded by the assurances of Charopus and determined to use the chance presented to him, and, to prevent the king from suspecting, he did not cease for two successive days to attack the enemy, posting detachments on all sides and sending fresh troops to relieve the weary. Then he put a tribune in command of four thousand picked infantry and three hundred cavalry.
11.4. haec ubi consul audivit, percunctatum ad Charopum mittit, satisne credendum super tanta re agresti censeret. Charopus renuntiari iubet, ita crederet, ut suae potius omnia quam illius potestatis essent. cum magis vellet credere quam auderet mixtumque gaudio et metu animum gereret, auctoritate motus Charopi experiri spem oblatam statuit et, ut averteret re ge m ab suspicione, biduo insequenti lacessere hostem dispositis ab omni parte copiis succedentibusque integris in locum defessorum non destitit.
11.7. He ordered him to take the cavalry as far as the ground permitted; when the road became impassable for cavalry, he should leave them on some level spot and go with the infantry wherever the guide conducted them;
11.7. quattuor milia inde lecta peditum et trecentos equites tribuno militum tradit. equites, quoad loca patiantur, ducere iubet; ubi ad invia equiti ventum sit, in planitie aliqua locari equitatum, pedites, qua dux monstraret viam, ire;
11.8. when he reached, as the guide promised, the place above the enemy, the tribune should send up a smoke-signal but raise no shout until, after the answering signal had been received from him, he could judge that the battle had begun. He instructed the tribune to march by night — and the moon happened to be full — and by day to take time for food and rest.
11.8. ubi, ut polliceatur, super caput hostium perventum sit, fumo dare signum nec antea clamorem tollere, quam ab se signo recepto pugnam coeptam arbitrari posset.
11.9. The guide, loaded with magnificent promises, if he should keep faith, but nevertheless in chains, he turned over to the tribune.
11.9. nocte itinera fieri iubet — et pernox forte luna erat —; interdiu cibi quietisque sumeret tempus. ducem promissis ingentibus oneratum, si fides extet, vinctum tamen tribuno tradit.
11.10. Having thus sent out his troops, the Roman pressed the attack the more vigorously from all sides, selected vantage-grounds. Meanwhile, on the third day, when the Romans had sent up the smoke-signal that they had reached and were holding the height which they had sought, then in earnest the consul formed his army in three columns and marched with the flower of his troops up the middle of the valley and hurled his right and left wings against the camp;
11.10. his copiis ita dimissis eo intentius Romanus undique instat, carpit stationes. interim die tertio cum verticem, quem petierant, Romani cepisse ac tenere se fumo significarent, tum vero trifariam divisis copiis consul valle media cum militum robore succedit, cornua dextra laevaque admovet castris;
12.2. the enemy came to meet him with no less vigour. And while, carried forward by their desire to fight, they were struggling outside the breastworks, the Roman army enjoyed no small advantage in courage and skill and character of weapons; but after the king's troops, when many had been wounded and killed, retired to positions strengthened by art or strong by nature, the danger recoiled upon the Romans, who pushed forward impetuously over unfavourable ground and cramped places that hindered easy withdrawal.
12.2. nec segnius hostes obviam eunt. et dum aviditate certaminis provecti extra munitiones pugnant, haud paulo superior est Romanus miles et virtute et scientia et genere armorum; postquam multis vulneratis interfectisque recepere se regii in loca aut munimento aut natura tuta, verterat periculum in Romanos temere in loca iniqua nec facilis ad receptum angustias progressos.