1.1. It is plain that such part of Phocis as is around Tithorea and Delphi was so named in very ancient days after a Corinthian, Phocus, a son of Ornytion. Not many years afterwards, the name established itself as the received title of what is today called Phocis, when the Aeginetans had disembarked on the land with Phocus the son of Aeacus.
1.1. γῆς δὲ τῆς Φωκίδος, ὅσον μὲν περὶ Τιθορέαν καὶ Δελφούς ἐστιν αὐτῆς, ἐκ παλαιοτάτου φανερὰ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο εἰληφυῖά ἐστιν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Κορινθίου Φώκου τοῦ Ὀρνυτίωνος· ἔτεσι δʼ ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς ἐξενίκησε καὶ ἁπάσῃ γενέσθαι τῇ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν καλουμένῃ Φωκίδι, Αἰγινητῶν ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν χώραν διαβάντων ὁμοῦ Φώκῳ τῷ Αἰακοῦ.
1.2. Opposite the Peloponnesus, and in the direction of Boeotia, Phocis stretches to the sea, and touches it on one side at Cirrha, the port of Delphi, and on the other at the city of Anticyra. In the direction of the Lamian Gulf there are between Phocis and the sea only the Hypocnemidian Locrians. By these is Phocis bounded in this direction, by Scarpheia on the other side of Elateia, and by Opus and its port Cynus beyond Hyampolis and Abae.
1.2. τὰ μὲν δὴ ἀπαντικρὺ Πελοποννήσου καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ Βοιωτίας καθήκουσιν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν οἱ Φωκεῖς, τῇ μὲν ἐς Κίρραν τὸ ἐπίνειον Δελφῶν, τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ Ἀντίκυραν πόλιν· τὰ δὲ πρὸς τοῦ Λαμιακοῦ κόλπου Λοκροὶ σφᾶς παραθαλασσίους οἱ Ὑποκνημίδιοι κωλύουσιν εἶναι· οὗτοι γὰρ δή εἰσιν οἱ ταύτῃ τὴν Φωκίδα ὑπεροικοῦντες, Σκαρφεῖς μὲν τὰ ἐπέκεινα Ἐλατείας, ὑπὲρ δὲ Ὑάμπολιν καὶ Ἄβας οἱ πόλιν τε Ὀποῦντα καὶ Ὀπουντίων ἐπίνειον νεμόμενοι Κῦνον.
1.3. The most renowned exploits of the Phocian people were undertaken by the whole nation. They took part in the Trojan war, and fought against the Thessalians before the Persian invasion of Greece, when they accomplished some noteworthy deeds. Expecting that the Thessalians would invade their land at Hyampolis, they buried there earthen water-pots, covered these with earth, and so waited for the Thessalian cavalry. Ignorant of the Phocian stratagem, the Thessalians without knowing it drove their horses on to the water-pots, where stumbling into them the horses were lamed, and threw or killed their riders.
1.3. τὰ δὲ ἐπιφανέστατα Φωκεῦσίν ἐστιν ἐν κοινῷ· πολέμου γὰρ τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ μετεσχήκασι, καὶ Θεσσαλῶν ἐναντία ἐπολέμησαν πρότερον ἔτι ἢ ἐλάσαι τὸν Μῆδον ἐπὶ Ἕλληνας, ὅτε δὴ καὶ ἐπεδείξαντο οἱ Φωκεῖς ἔργα ἐς μνήμην. κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Ὑάμπολιν, ᾗ τοὺς Θεσσαλοὺς προσεδέχοντο ἐμβαλεῖν σφισιν ἐς τὴν χώραν, ὑδρίας κεράμου πεποιημένας κατορύξαντες καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτὰς γῆν ἐπιφορήσαντες ὑπέμενον τὴν ἵππον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν· οἱ δέ, ἅτε οὐ προπεπυσμένοι τῶν Φωκέων τὴν τέχνην, ἐπελάσαντες τοὺς ἵππους λανθάνουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ὑδρίας. ἐνταῦθα ἀπεχωλοῦντο μὲν οἱ ἵπποι τῶν ποδῶν ἐσπιπτόντων σφίσιν ἐς τὰς ὑδρίας, ἐκτείνοντο δὲ καὶ ἀπέπιπτον οἱ ἄνδρες ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππων.
1.4. The Thessalians, more enraged than ever against the Phocians, gathered levies from all their cities and marched out against them. Whereupon the Phocians, greatly terrified at the army of the Thessalians, especially at the number of their cavalry and the practised discipline of both mounts and riders, despatched a mission to Delphi, praying the god that they might escape the danger that threatened them. The oracle given them was this:—I will match in fight mortal and immortal,And to both will I give victory, but more to the mortal.
1.4. ὡς δὲ οἱ Θεσσαλοὶ μείζονι ἢ τὰ πρότερα ἐς τοὺς Φωκέας χρώμενοι τῇ ὀργῇ συνελέχθησαν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν καὶ ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐστρατεύοντο, ἐνταῦθα οἱ Φωκεῖς ἐν οὐ μικρῷ ποιούμενοι δείματι τήν τε ἄλλην τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ἐς τὸν πόλεμον παρασκευὴν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῆς ἵππου τὸ πλῆθος καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ ἀριθμῷ τὴν ἐς τοὺς ἀγῶνας τῶν τε ἵππων καὶ αὐτῶν μελέτην τῶν ἱππέων, ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς Δελφοὺς αἰτοῦντες τὸν θεὸν ἐκφυγεῖν τὸν ἐπιόντα κίνδυνον· καὶ αὐτοῖς ἀφίκετο μάντευμα·συμβαλέω θνητόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον μαχέσασθαι,νίκην δʼ ἀμφοτέροις δώσω, θνητῷ δέ νυ μᾶλλον.
1.5. On receiving this oracle, the Phocians sent three hundred picked men with Gelon in command to make an attack on the enemy. The night was just falling, and the orders given were to reconnoiter without being observed, to return to the main body by the least known route, and to remain strictly on the defensive. These picked men along with their leader Gelon, trampled on by horses and butchered by their enemies, perished to a man at the hands of the Thessalians.
1.5. ταῦτα ὡς ἐπύθοντο οἱ Φωκεῖς, λογάδας τριακοσίους καὶ Γέλωνα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἄρχοντα ἀποστέλλουσιν ἐς τοὺς πολεμίους ἄρτι ἀρχομένης νυκτός, προστάξαντές σφισι κατοπτεῦσαί τε τὰ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ὅντινα ἀφανέστατον δύναιντο τρόπον καὶ αὖθις ἐς τὸ στράτευμα ἐπανήκειν κατὰ τῶν ὁδῶν τὴν μάλιστα ἄγνωστον, μηδὲ ἑκόντας μάχης ἄρχειν. οὗτοι ὑπὸ τῶν Θεσσαλῶν οἱ λογάδες ἀπώλοντο ἀθρόοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ ἡγούμενός σφισι Γέλων, συμπατούμενοί τε ὑπὸ τῶν ἵππων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν φονευόμενοι.
1.6. Their disaster created such panic among the Phocians in the camp that they actually gathered together in one spot their women, children, movable property, and also their clothes, gold, silver and images of the gods, and making a vast pyre they left in charge a force of thirty men.
1.6. καὶ ἡ συμφορὰ σφῶν κατάπληξιν τοῖς ἐπὶ ⟨τοῦ⟩ στρατοπέδου τῶν Φωκέων τηλικαύτην ἐνεποίησεν, ὥστε καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας καὶ ὅσα τῶν κτημάτων ἄγειν ἦν σφίσιν ἢ φέρειν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐσθῆτα καὶ χρυσόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ τὰ ἀγάλματα τῶν θεῶν ἐς ταὐτὸ συλλέξαντες πυρὰν ὡς μεγίστην ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἀριθμὸν τριάκοντα ἄνδρας ἀπολείπουσι·
1.7. These were under orders that, should the Phocians chance to be worsted in the battle, they were first to put to death the women and the children, then to lay them like victims with the valuables on the pyre, and finally to set it alight and perish themselves, either by each other's hands or by charging the cavalry of the Thessalians. Hence all forlorn hopes are called by the Greeks “Phocian despair.” On this occasion the Phocians forthwith proceeded to attack the Thessalians.
1.7. προσετέτακτο δὲ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν, εἰ ἡττᾶσθαι τοὺς Φωκέας συμβαίνοι τῇ μάχῃ, τότε δὴ προαποσφάξαι μὲν τὰς γυναῖκάς τε καὶ παῖδας καὶ ὡς ἱερεῖα ἀναθέντας ταῦτά τε καὶ τὰ χρήματα ἐπὶ τὴν πυρὰν καὶ ἐνέντας πῦρ οὕτως ἤδη διαφθαρῆναι καὶ αὐτοὺς ἤτοι ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων ἢ ἐς τὴν ἵππον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν ἐσπίπτοντας. ἀντὶ τούτου μὲν ἅπαντα τὰ ἀνάλγητα βουλεύματα ἀπόνοια ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων ὀνομάζεται Φωκική, τότε δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς ἐποιοῦντο αὐτίκα ἐπὶ τοὺς Θεσσαλοὺς ἔξοδον·
1.8. The commander of their cavalry was Daiphantes of Hyampolis, of their infantry Rhoeus of Ambrossus. But the office of commander-in-chief was held by Tellias, a seer of Elis, upon whom rested all the Phocians' hopes of salvation.
1.8. στρατηγοὶ δὲ ἦσάν σφισι Ῥοῖός τε Ἀμβροσσεὺς καὶ Ὑαμπολίτης Δαϊφάντης, οὗτος μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τῇ ἵππῳ, δυνάμεως δὲ τῆς πεζῆς ὁ Ἀμβροσσεύς. ὁ δὲ χώραν ⟨ἐν⟩ τοῖς ἄρχουσιν ἔχων τὴν μεγίστην μάντις ἦν ⟨Τελλίας⟩ ὁ Ἠλεῖος, καὶ ἐς τὸν Τελλίαν τοῖς Φωκεῦσι τῆς σωτηρίας ἀπέκειντο αἱ ἐλπίδες.
1.9. When the battle joined, the Phocians had before their eyes what they had resolved to do to their women and children, and seeing that their own salvation trembled in the balance, they dared the most desperate deeds, and, with the favour of heaven, achieved the most famous victory of that time.
1.9. ὡς δὲ ἐς χεῖρας συνῄεσαν, ἐνταῦθα τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἐγίνετο ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τὰ ἐς τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ ἐς τὰ τέκνα δόξαντα, τήν τε σωτηρίαν οὐκ ἐν βεβαίῳ σφίσιν ἑώρων σαλεύουσαν καὶ τούτων ἕνεκα ἐς παντοῖα ἀφικνοῦντο τολμήματα· προσγενομένου δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἐκ θεῶν εὐμενοῦς νίκην τῶν τότε ἀνείλοντο ἐπιφανεστάτην.
1.10. Then did all Greece understand the oracle given to the Phocians by Apollo. For the watchword given in battle on every occasion by the Thessalian generals was Itonian Athena, and by the Phocian generals Phocus, from whom the Phocians were named. Because of this engagement the Phocians sent as offerings to Delphi statues of Apollo, of Tellias the seer, and of all their other generals in the battle, together with images of their local heroes. The figures were the work of the Argive Aristomedon.
1.10. τό τε λόγιον τὸ γεγενημένον τοῖς Φωκεῦσι παρὰ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν ἐγνώσθη· τὸ γὰρ σύνθημα κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ὑπὸ τῶν στρατηγούντων ἐδίδοτο ἐν ταῖς μάχαις Θεσσαλοῖς μὲν Ἀθηνᾶς Ἰτωνίας, τοῖς δὲ ὁ ἐπώνυμος Φῶκος. ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ ἔργου καὶ ἀναθήματα οἱ Φωκεῖς ἀπέστειλαν ἐς Δελφοὺς Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ Τελλίαν τότε τὸν μάντιν καὶ ὅσοι μαχομένοις ἄλλοι σφίσιν ἐστρατήγησαν, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἥρωας τῶν ἐπιχωρίων· ἔργα δὲ αἱ εἰκόνες Ἀριστομέδοντός εἰσιν Ἀργείου.
1.11. Afterwards the Phocians discovered a stratagem quite as clever as their former ones. For when the armies were lying opposite each other at the pass into Phocis, five hundred picked men of Phocis, waiting until the moon was full, attacked the Thessalians on that night, first smearing themselves with chalk and, in addition to the chalk, putting on white armour. It is said that there then occurred a wholesale slaughter of the Thessalians, who thought this apparition of the night to be too unearthly to be an attack of their enemies. It was Tellias of Elis who devised this stratagem also for the Phocians to use against the Thessalians.
1.11. εὑρέθη δὲ καὶ ὕστερον τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν οὐκ ἀποδέον σοφίᾳ τῶν προτέρων. ὡς γὰρ δὴ τὰ στρατόπεδα ἀντεκάθητο περὶ τὴν ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐσβολήν, λογάδες Φωκέων πεντακόσιοι φυλάσσοντες πλήρη τὸν κύκλον τῆς σελήνης ἐπιχειροῦσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ τοῖς Θεσσαλοῖς, αὐτοί τε ἀληλιμμένοι γύψῳ καὶ ἐνδεδυκότες ὅπλα λευκὰ ἐπὶ τῇ γύψῳ. ἐνταῦθα ἐξεργασθῆναι φόνον τῶν Θεσσαλῶν λέγεται πλεῖστον, θειότερόν τι ἡγουμένων ἢ κατὰ ἔφοδον πολεμίων τὸ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ συμβαῖνον. ὁ δὲ Ἠλεῖος ἦν Τελλίας ὃς καὶ ταῦτα τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἐμηχανήσατο ἐς τοὺς Θεσσαλούς.
2.1. When the Persian army crossed into Europe, it is said that the Phocians were forced to join the Great King, but deserted the Persian cause and ranged themselves with the Greeks at the battle of Plataea. Subsequently it happened that a fine was inflicted on them by the Amphictyons. I cannot find out the truth of the story, whether the fine was inflicted because of the misdeeds of the Phocians, or whether the Thessalians exacted the fine from the Phocians because of their ancient hatred.
2.1. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην ὁ Περσῶν στρατὸς διέβη, λέγεται τοὺς Φωκέας φρονῆσαι μὲν ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης τὰ βασιλέως, αὐτομολῆσαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν Μήδων καὶ ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν παρὰ τὸ ἔργον τὸ Πλαταιᾶσι παρατάξασθαι. χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον κατέλαβεν αὐτοὺς ζημιωθῆναι χρήμασιν ὑπὸ Ἀμφικτυόνων· οὐδὲ ἔχω τοῦ λόγου τὸ ἀληθὲς ἐξευρεῖν εἴτε ἀδικήσασιν ἐπεβλήθη σφίσιν εἴτε Θεσσαλοὶ κατὰ τὸ ἐκ παλαιοῦ μῖσος γενέσθαι τὴν ζημίαν τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν ἦσαν οἱ πράξαντες.
2.2. As they were disheartened at the greatness of the fine, Philomelus, son of Theotimus, than whom no Phocian stood higher in rank, his country being Ledon, a city of Phocis, took charge and tried to persuade them to seize the sanctuary at Delphi, pointing out that the amount of the sum to be paid was beyond their resources. He stated, among other plausible arguments, that Athens and Sparta had always been favorable to them, and that if Thebes or any other state made war against them, they would have the better owing to their courage and resources.
2.2. ἐχόντων δὲ ἀθύμως αὐτῶν πρὸς τῆς ζημίας τὸ μέγεθος, Φιλόμηλος σφᾶς ὑπολαβὼν ὁ Θεοτίμου, Φωκέων οὐδενὸς ἀξιώματι ὕστερος—πατρὶς δὲ αὐτῷ Λέδων τῶν ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἦν πόλεων—οὗτος οὖν ὁ Φιλόμηλος τήν τε ἔκτισιν αὐτοῖς ἀδύνατον ἀπέφηνε τῶν χρημάτων καὶ ἀνέπειθε τὸ ἱερὸν καταλαβεῖν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς, λέγων καὶ ἄλλα ἐπαγωγὰ καὶ ὡς τὰ Ἀθηναίων καὶ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ἐπιτήδεια ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐστιν αὐτοῖς, Θηβαίων δὲ καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος κατασταίη σφίσιν ἐς πόλεμον, περιέσεσθαι καὶ ἀρετῇ σφᾶς καὶ δαπάνῃ χρημάτων.
2.3. When Philomelus put all this before them, the Phocians were nothing loath, either because their judgment was blinded by heaven, or because their nature was to put gain before religion. The seizure of Delphi by the Phocians occurred when Heracleides was president at Delphi and Agathocles archon at Athens, in the fourth year of the hundred and fifth Olympiad, when Prorus of Cyrene was victorious in the foot-race.
2.3. ταῦτα τοῦ Φιλομήλου λέγοντος οὐκ ἐγίνετο ἀκούσια τῷ πλήθει τῶν Φωκέων, εἴτε τὴν γνώμην σφίσι τοῦ θεοῦ βλάπτοντος εἴτε καὶ αὐτοῖς πεφυκόσιν ἐπίπροσθεν εὐσεβείας τὰ κέρδη ποιεῖσθαι. τὴν δὲ τῶν Δελφῶν κατάληψιν ἐποιήσαντο οἱ Φωκεῖς Ἡρακλείδου μὲν πρυτανεύοντος ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ Ἀγαθοκλέους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, τετάρτῳ δὲ ἔτει πέμπτης Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑκατόν, ἣν Πρῶρος ἐνίκα Κυρηναῖος στάδιον.
2.4. When they had seized the sanctuary, the best mercenaries in Greece at once mustered to join them, while the Thebans, at variance before, declared open war against them. The war lasted ten successive years, and during this long time victory often fell to the Phocians and their mercenaries, and often the Thebans proved the better. An engagement took place at the town of Neon, in which the Phocians were worsted, and in the rout Philomelus threw himself down a high precipice, and so lost his life. This was the very punishment fixed by the Amphictyons for spoilers of the sanctuary.
2.4. καταλαβοῦσι δὲ αὐτοῖς τὸ ἱερὸν ξενικά τε αὐτίκα τὰ ἰσχυρότατα τῶν ἐν Ἕλλησιν ἠθροίσθη καὶ οἱ Θηβαῖοί σφισιν ἐς πόλεμον ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ καθεστήκεσαν, διάφοροι καὶ τὰ πρότερα ὄντες. χρόνος μὲν δὴ ἐγένετο ὃν ἐπολέμησαν δέκα ἔτη συνεχῶς, καὶ ἐν τοσούτῳ πολέμου μήκει πολλάκις μὲν οἱ Φωκεῖς καὶ τὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ξενικὰ ἐνίκησε, πολλάκις δὲ ἦν τὰ τῶν Θηβαίων ἐπικρατέστερα· γενομένης δὲ κατὰ Νεῶνα πόλιν συμβολῆς ἐτράποντο οἱ Φωκεῖς, καὶ ὁ Φιλόμηλος ῥίπτει τε αὑτὸν ἐν τῇ φυγῇ κατὰ ὑψηλοῦ καὶ ἀποτόμου κρημνοῦ καὶ ἀφίησιν οὕτω τὴν ψυχήν· ἐτέτακτο δὲ καὶ ἄλλως τοῖς Ἀμφικτύοσιν ἐς τοὺς συλῶντας αὕτη ⟨ἡ⟩ δίκη.
2.5. After the death of Philomelus the Phocians gave the command to Onomarchus, while Philip, son of Amyntas, made an alliance with the Thebans. Philip had the better of the encounter, and Onomarchus fleeing to the coast was there shot down by his own troops, who considered their defeat due to his lack of enterprise and inexperience as a general.
2.5. μετὰ δὲ Φιλόμηλον τελευτήσαντα Ὀνομάρχῳ μὲν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν διδόασιν οἱ Φωκεῖς, ἐς δὲ τῶν Θηβαίων τὴν συμμαχίαν προσεχώρησε Φίλιππος ὁ Ἀμύντου· καὶ —ἐκράτησε γὰρ Φίλιππος τῆς συμβολῆς—φεύγων ὁ Ὀνόμαρχος καὶ ἐπὶ θάλασσαν ἀφικόμενος ἐνταῦθα ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν κατηκοντίσθη τῶν οἰκείων, ὡς τὴν ἧσσάν σφισιν ὑπὸ ἀτολμίας συμβᾶσαν τῆς ἐκείνου καὶ ἐς τὸ στρατηγεῖν ἀπειρίας.
2.6. Such was the end which fate brought upon Onomarchus, and his brother Phaylus was chosen as commander-in-chief. It is said that no sooner had this Phaylus come to rule over the Phocians when he saw the following vision in a dream. Among the votive offerings to Apollo was a representation in bronze of a man's body in an advanced stage of decay, with the flesh already fallen off, and nothing left but the bones. The Delphians said that it was an offering of Hippocrates the physician. Now the thought came to Phaylus that he resembled this offering. Forthwith he was attacked by a wasting disease, which so fulfilled the omen of the dream.
2.6. Ὀνομάρχῳ μὲν τέλος τοῦ βίου τοιοῦτον ἐπήγαγεν ὁ δαίμων, στρατηγὸν δὲ αὐτοκράτορα εἵλοντο ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Ὀνομάρχου Φάυλον. ⟨λέγουσι δὲ τοῦτον τὸν Φάυλον⟩ παρεληλυθέναι τε δὴ ἄρτι ἐπὶ τῶν Φωκέων τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ ὄψιν ὀνείρατος ἰδεῖν τοιάνδε. ἐν τοῖς ἀναθήμασι τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος μίμημα ἦν χαλκοῦν ⟨ἀνδρὸς⟩ χρονιωτέρου, κατερρυηκότος τε ἤδη τὰς σάρκας καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ ὑπολειπομένου μόνα· ἀνάθημα δὲ ὑπὸ Δελφῶν Ἱπποκράτους ἐλέγετο εἶναι τοῦ ἰατροῦ. τούτῳ δὴ ἑαυτὸν ἐοικέναι τῷ ἀναθήματι ἔδοξεν ὁ Φάυλος· αὐτίκα δὲ ὑπολαβοῦσα αὐτὸν φθοώδης νόσος ἐπετέλει τοῦ ἐνυπνίου τὴν μαντείαν.
2.7. On the death of Phaylus the sovereignty of the Phocians devolved on Phalaecus his son. Phalaecus, accused of appropriating to his own use the sacred treasures, was deposed, and crossing with a fleet to Crete, accompanied by such Phocians as sided with him and by a part of his mercenaries, he sat down to besiege Cydonia, which refused to accede to his demand for money, and perished along with the greater part of his army.
2.7. Φαύλου δὲ ἀποθανόντος ἐς Φάλαικον τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ περιεχώρησεν ἡ ⟨ἐν⟩ Φωκεῦσι δυναστεία· καὶ ἐπεὶ ἔσχεν ὁ Φάλαικος ⟨αἰτίαν⟩ ἰδίᾳ περιποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἱερῶν χρημάτων, ἐπαύθη τῆς ἀρχῆς. διαβὰς δὲ ναυσὶν ἐς Κρήτην ὁμοῦ Φωκέων τοῖς ᾑρημένοις τὰ ἐκείνου καὶ μοίρᾳ τοῦ ξενικοῦ, Κυδωνίᾳ προσκαθήμενος— οὐ γάρ οἱ διδόναι χρήματα ἐβούλοντο αἰτοῦντι— τῆς στρατιᾶς τὸ πολὺ ἀπόλλυσι καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπώλετο.
3.1. In the tenth year after the seizure of the sanctuary, Philip put an end to the war, which was called both the Phocian War and the Sacred War, in the year when Theophilus was archon at Athens, which was the first of the hundred and eighth Olympiad at which Polycles of Cyrene was victorious in the foot-race. The cities of Phocis were captured and razed to the ground. The tale of them was Lilaea, Hyampolis, Anticyra, Parapotamii, Panopeus and Daulis. These cities were distinguished in days of old, especially because of the poetry of Homer.
3.1. δεκάτῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἔτει μετὰ τὴν τοῦ ἱεροῦ κατάληψιν ἐπέθηκεν ὁ Φίλιππος πέρας τῷ πολέμῳ, Φωκικῷ τε καὶ ἱερῷ κληθέντι τῷ αὐτῷ, Θεοφίλου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, ὀγδόης δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ἑκατοστῆς ἔτει πρώτῳ, ἣν Πολυκλῆς ἐνίκα στάδιον Κυρηναῖος. καὶ ἐς ἔδαφος ἁλοῦσαι κατεβλήθησαν τῶν Φωκέων αἱ πόλεις· ἀριθμὸς δὲ ἦν αὐτῶν Λίλαια καὶ Ὑάμπολις καὶ Ἀντίκυρα καὶ Παραποτάμιοι καὶ Πανοπεύς τε καὶ Δαυλίς. τούτων μὲν δὴ ὄνομα ἦν ἐκ παλαιοῦ, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου·
3.2. The army of Xerxes, burning down certain of these, made them better known in Greece, namely Erochus, Charadra, Amphicleia, Neon, Tithronium and Drymaea. The rest of the Phocian cities, except Elateia, were not famous in former times, I mean Phocian Trachis, Phocian Medeon, Echedameia, Ambrossus, Ledon, Phlygonium and Stiris. On the occasion to which I have referred all the cities enumerated were razed to the ground and their people scattered in villages. The one exception to this treatment was Abae, whose citizens were free from impiety, and had had no share in the seizure of the sanctuary or in the war.
3.2. τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου· τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐποίησεν, Ἐρωχὸν καὶ Χαράδραν καὶ Ἀμφίκλειαν καὶ Νεῶνας καὶ Τεθρώνιον καὶ Δρυμαίαν. αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι πλήν γε δὴ Ἐλατείας τὰ πρότερα οὐκ ἐπιφανεῖς ἦσαν, Τραχίς τε ἡ Φωκικὴ καὶ Μεδεὼν ὁ Φωκικὸς καὶ Ἐχεδάμεια καὶ Ἄμβροσσος καὶ Λέδων καὶ Φλυγόνιον ἔτι καὶ Στῖρις. τότε δὲ κατεσκάφησάν τε αἱ κατειλεγμέναι καὶ ἐς κώμας πλὴν Ἄβας ᾠκίσθησαν αἱ ἄλλαι· Ἀβαίοις δὲ ἐκτὸς ἀσεβείας ὑπῆρχε καθεστηκέναι, καὶ οὔτε τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς καταλήψεως οὔτε τοῦ πολέμου μετεσχήκεσαν.
3.3. The Phocians were deprived of their share in the Delphic sanctuary and in the Greek assembly, and their votes were given by the Amphictyons to the Macedonians. Subsequently, however, the Phocian cities were rebuilt, and their inhabitants restored from the villages to their native cities, save such as were prevented from being rebuilt by their original weakness and by their want of funds at the period of restoration. It was the Athenians and Thebans who brought back the inhabitants before the disaster of Chaeroneia befell the Greeks.
3.3. ἀφῃρέθησαν δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς καὶ μετεῖναί σφισιν ἱεροῦ τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ συνόδου τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ τὰς ψήφους αὐτῶν Μακεδόσιν ἔδοσαν οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες. ἀνὰ χρόνον μέντοι τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν αἱ πόλεις ἀνῳκίσθησαν καὶ ἐς τὰς πατρίδας κατήχθησαν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν, πλὴν εἰ μὴ ἀνοικισθῆναί τινας ἐκώλυσεν ἀσθένειά τε ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἡ τῶν χρημάτων ἐν τῷ τότε ἔνδεια· Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ Θηβαῖοι σφᾶς ἦσαν οἱ κατάγοντες, πρὶν ἢ τὸ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ συμβῆναι πταῖσμα Ἕλλησι.
3.4. The Phocians took part in the battle of Chaeroneia, and afterwards fought at Lamia and Crannon against the Macedonians under Antipater. No Greeks were keener defenders against the Gauls and the Celtic invaders than were the Phocians, who considered that they were helping the god of Delphi, and at the same time, I take it, that they were making amends for the old crimes they had committed.
3.4. καὶ ἀγῶνος τοῦ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μετέσχον οἱ Φωκεῖς, καὶ ὕστερον περὶ Λάμιαν καὶ ἐν Κραννῶνι ἐναντία Ἀντιπάτρου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐμαχέσαντο· Γαλάτας δὲ καὶ τὴν Κελτικὴν στρατιὰν προθυμότατα ἠμύνοντο Ἑλλήνων, θεῷ τε τιμωροῦντες τῷ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ ἐς ἀπολογίαν ἅμα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῶν ἀρχαίων ἐγκλημάτων.
4.1. Such were the memorable exploits of the Phocians. From Chaeroneia it is twenty stades to Panopeus, a city of the Phocians, if one can give the name of city to those who possess no government offices, no gymnasium, no theater, no market-place, no water descending to a fountain, but live in bare shelters just like mountain cabins, right on a ravine. Nevertheless, they have boundaries with their neighbors, and even send delegates to the Phocian assembly. The name of the city is derived, they say, from the father of Epeius, and they maintain that they are not Phocians, but were originally Phlegyans who fled to Phocis from the land of Orchomenus.
4.1. τούτοις μὲν δὴ τοιαῦτα ὑπῆρχεν ἐς μνήμην· στάδια δὲ ἐκ Χαιρωνείας εἴκοσιν ἐς Πανοπέας ἐστὶ πόλιν Φωκέων, εἴγε ὀνομάσαι τις πόλιν καὶ τούτους οἷς γε οὐκ ἀρχεῖα οὐ γυμνάσιόν ἐστιν, οὐ θέατρον οὐκ ἀγορὰν ἔχουσιν, οὐχ ὕδωρ κατερχόμενον ἐς κρήνην, ἀλλὰ ἐν στέγαις κοίλαις κατὰ τὰς καλύβας μάλιστα τὰς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ χαράδρᾳ. ὅμως δὲ ὅροι γε τῆς χώρας εἰσὶν αὐτοῖς ἐς τοὺς ὁμόρους, καὶ ἐς τὸν σύλλογον συνέδρους καὶ οὗτοι πέμπουσι τὸν Φωκικόν. καὶ γενέσθαι μὲν τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα λέγουσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἐπειοῦ πατρός, αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐ Φωκεῖς, Φλεγύαι δὲ εἶναι τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐς τὴν γῆν διαφυγεῖν φασι τὴν Φωκίδα ἐκ τῆς Ὀρχομενίας.
4.2. A survey of the ancient circuit of Panopeus led me to guess it to be about seven stades. I was reminded of Homer's verses about Tityos, where he mentions the city of Panopeus with its beautiful dancing-floors, and how in the fight over the body of Patroclus he says that Schedius, son of Iphitus and king of the Phocians, who was killed by Hector, lived in Panopeus. It seemed to me that the reason why the king lived here was fear of the Boeotians; at this point is the easiest pass from Boeotia into Phocis, so the king used Panopeus as a fortified post.
4.2. Πανοπέων δὲ τὸν ἀρχαῖον θεώμενοι περίβολον ἑπτὰ εἶναι σταδίων μάλιστα εἰκάζομεν· ὑπῄει τε ἐπῶν ἡμᾶς τῶν Ὁμήρου μνήμη ὧν ἐποίησεν ἐς Τιτυόν, καλλίχορον τῶν Πανοπέων ὀνομάσας τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ὡς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τῇ [τε] ἐπὶ τῷ Πατρόκλου νεκρῷ καὶ Σχεδίον τὸν Ἰφίτου βασιλεύοντα Φωκέων καὶ ἀποθανόντα ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος κατοικεῖν εἶπεν ἐν τῷ Πανοπεῖ. τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐφαίνετο ἡμῖν ἔχειν αἰτίαν, φόβῳ τῶν Βοιωτῶν —κατὰ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς Βοιωτίας ἡ ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐσβολὴ ῥᾴστη—ἐνταῦθα οἰκεῖν τὸν βασιλέα ἅτε φρουρίῳ τῷ Πανοπεῖ χρώμενον·
4.3. The former passage, in which Homer speaks of the beautiful dancing-floors of Panopeus, I could not understand until I was taught by the women whom the Athenians call Thyiads. The Thyiads are Attic women, who with the Delphian women go to Parnassus every other year and celebrate orgies in honor of Dionysus. It is the custom for these Thyiads to hold dances at places, including Panopeus, along the road from Athens. The epithet Homer applies to Panopeus is thought to refer to the dance of the Thyiads.
4.3. τὸ ἕτερον δὲ οὐκ ἐδυνήθην συμβαλέσθαι πρότερον, ἐφʼ ὅτῳ καλλίχορον τὸν Πανοπέα εἴρηκε, πρὶν ἢ ἐδιδάχθην ὑπὸ τῶν παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις καλουμένων Θυιάδων. αἱ δὲ Θυιάδες γυναῖκες μέν εἰσιν Ἀττικαί, φοιτῶσαι δὲ ἐς τὸν Παρνασσὸν παρὰ ἔτος αὐταί τε καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες Δελφῶν ἄγουσιν ὄργια Διονύσῳ. ταύταις ταῖς Θυιάσι κατὰ τὴν ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ὁδὸν καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ χοροὺς ἱστάναι καὶ παρὰ τοῖς Πανοπεῦσι καθέστηκε· καὶ ἡ ἐπίκλησις ἡ ἐς τὸν Πανοπέα Ὁμήρου ὑποσημαίνειν τῶν Θυιάδων δοκεῖ τὸν χορόν.
4.4. At Panopeus there is by the roadside a small building of unburnt brick, in which is an image of Pentelic marble, said by some to be Asclepius, by others Prometheus. The latter produce evidence of their contention. At the ravine there lie two stones, each of which is big enough to fill a cart. They have the color of clay, not earthy clay, but such as would be found in a ravine or sandy torrent, and they smell very like the skin of a man. They say that these are remains of the clay out of which the whole race of mankind was fashioned by Prometheus.
4.4. Πανοπεῦσι δέ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῇ ὁδῷ πλίνθου τε ὠμῆς οἴκημα οὐ μέγα καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ λίθου τοῦ Πεντελῆσιν ἄγαλμα, ὃν Ἀσκληπιόν, οἱ δὲ Προμηθέα εἶναί φασι· καὶ παρέχονταί γε τοῦ λόγου μαρτύρια. λίθοι κεῖνταί σφισιν ἐπὶ τῇ χαράδρᾳ, μέγεθος μὲν ἑκάτερος ὡς φόρτον ἀποχρῶντα ἁμάξης εἶναι, χρῶμα δέ ἐστι πηλοῦ σφισιν, οὐ γεώδους ἀλλʼ οἷος ἂν χαράδρας γένοιτο ἢ χειμάρρου ψαμμώδους, παρέχονται δὲ καὶ ὀσμὴν ἐγγύτατα χρωτὶ ἀνθρώπου· ταῦτα ἔτι λείπεσθαι τοῦ πηλοῦ λέγουσιν ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἅπαν ὑπὸ τοῦ Προμηθέως τὸ γένος πλασθῆναι τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
4.5. Here at the ravine is the tomb of Tityos. The circumference of the mound is just about one-third of a stade, and they say that the verse in the Odyssey:—Lying on the ground, and lie lay over nine roods,refers, not to the size of Tityos, but to the place where he lay, the name of which was Nine Roods.
4.5. ἐνταῦθα ἐπὶ τῇ χαράδρᾳ καὶ Τιτυοῦ μνῆμά ἐστι· περίοδος μὲν τοῦ χώματος τρίτον μάλιστά που σταδίου, τὸ δὲ ἔπος τὸ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳκείμενον ἐν δαπέδῳ· ὁ δʼ ἐπʼ ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθραοὐκ ἐπὶ μεγέθει πεποιῆσθαι τοῦ Τιτυοῦ φασιν, ἀλλʼ ἔνθα ὁ Τιτυὸς ἐτέθη, Πλέθρα ἐννέα ⟨ὄνομα⟩ εἶναι τῷ χωρίῳ.
4.6. Cleon of Magnesia on the Hermus used to say that those men were incredulous of wonders who in the course of their own lives had not met yet greater marvels. He declared that Tityos and other monsters had been as tradition says they were. He happened, he said, to be at Cadiz, and he, with the rest of the crowd, sailed forth from the island in accordance with the command of Heracles; on their return to Cadiz they found cast ashore a man of the sea, who was about five roods in size, and burning away, because heaven had blasted him with a thunderbolt.
4.6. Κλέων δὲ ἀνὴρ Μάγνης, οἳ τῷ Ἕρμῳ προσοικοῦσιν, ἔφασκεν ἐς τὰ παράδοξα ἀπίστους εἶναι τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἷς ἂν μὴ παρὰ τὸν αὐτῶν γένηται βίον θεάμασιν ἐπιτυχεῖν λόγου μείζοσιν· αὐτὸς δὲ καὶ Τιτυὸν καὶ ἄλλους ἔφη πείθεσθαι γεγονέναι κατὰ τὴν φήμην· τυχεῖν γὰρ δὴ ὢν ⟨ἐν⟩ Γαδείροις, καὶ ἐκπλεῦσαι μὲν αὐτός τε καὶ τὸν ἄλλον πάντα ὄχλον ἐκ τῆς νήσου κατὰ τὸ Ἡρακλέους πρόσταγμα, ὡς δὲ αὖθις ἐπανήκειν ἐς τὰ Γάδειρα, ἄνδρα εὑρεῖν θαλάσσιον ἐκπεπτωκότα ἐς τὴν γῆν· τοῦτον πλέθρα μὲν πέντε μάλιστα ἐπέχειν, κεραυνωθέντα δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καίεσθαι.
4.7. So said Cleon. About twenty-seven stades distant from Panopeus is Daulis. The men there are few in number, but for size and strength no Phocians are more renowned even to this day. They say that the name of the city is derived from Daulis, a nymph, the daughter of the Cephisus. Others say that the place, on which the city was built, was wooded, and that such shaggy places (dasea) were called daula by the ancients. For this reason, they say, Aeschylus called the beard of Glaucus of Anthedon hypene daulos.
4.7. οὗτος μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, Πανοπέως δὲ ὅσον στάδια ⟨εἴκοσι καὶ⟩ ἑπτὰ ἀπέχει Δαυλίς. οἱ δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἄνθρωποι πλῆθος μέν εἰσιν οὐ πολλοί, μεγέθει δὲ καὶ ἀλκῇ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι δοκιμώτατοι Φωκέων. τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει τεθῆναι λέγουσιν ἀπὸ Δαυλίδος νύμφης, θυγατέρα δὲ εἶναι τοῦ Κηφισοῦ τὴν Δαυλίδα. τοῖς δέ ἐστιν εἰρημένον ὡς τὸ χωρίον, ἔνθα ἡ πόλις ᾠκίσθη, παρείχετο συνεχῆ δένδρα, καλεῖσθαι δὲ τὰ δασέα ὑπὸ τῶν πάλαι δαῦλα· ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ καὶ Αἰσχύλον τὰ Γλαύκου τοῦ Ἀνθηδονίου γένεια ὑπήνην ὠνομακέναι δαῦλον.
4.8. Here in Daulis the women are said to have served up to Tereus his own son, which act was the first pollution of the dining-table among men. The hoopoe, into which the legend says Tereus was changed, is a bird a little larger than the quail, while the feathers on its head rise into the shape of a crest.
4.8. ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῇ Δαυλίδι παραθεῖναι τῷ Τηρεῖ τὸν παῖδα αἱ γυναῖκες λέγονται, καὶ ἀνθρώποις τῶν ἐπὶ τραπέζῃ μιασμάτων τοῦτο ἦρξεν. ὁ δὲ ἔποψ ἐς ὃν ἔχει λόγος τὸν Τηρέα ἀλλαγῆναι, οὗτος ὁ ὄρνις μέγεθος μὲν ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ ὄρτυγα, ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ δέ οἱ τὰ πτερὰ ἐς λόφου σχῆμα ἐξῆρται.
4.9. It is noteworthy that in Phocis swallows neither hatch nor lay eggs; in fact no swallow would even make a nest in the roof of a house. The Phocians say that even when Philomela was a bird she had a terror of Tereus, and so kept away from his country. At Daulis is a sanctuary of Athena with an ancient image. The wooden image, of an even earlier date, the Daulians say was brought from Athens by Procne.
4.9. θαυμάσαι δὲ ἄξιον ὅτι ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ χελιδόνες οὔτε τίκτουσιν οὔτε ἐκλέπουσί γε τὰ ᾠά, οὐδʼ ἂν ἀρχὴν πρὸς οἰκήματος ὀρόφῳ νεοσσιὰν χελιδὼν ποιήσαιτο· λέγουσι δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς ὡς τῇ Φιλομήλᾳ καὶ ὄρνιθι οὔσῃ Τηρέως δεῖμα ⟨ἐφάνη⟩ καὶ ⟨οὕτω⟩ τῆς πατρίδος ἀπέστη τῆς Τηρέως. Δαυλιεῦσι δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν καὶ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον· τὸ δὲ ξόανον τὸ ἔτι παλαιότερον λέγουσιν ἐπαγαγέσθαι Πρόκνην ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν.
4.10. In the territory of Daulis is a place called Tronis. Here has been built a shrine of the Founder hero. This founder is said by some to have been Xanthippus, a distinguished soldier; others say that he was Phocus, son of Ornytion, son of Sisyphus. At any rate, he is worshipped every day, and the Phocians bring victims and pour the blood into the grave through a hole, but the flesh they are wont to consume on the spot.
4.10. ἔστι δὲ τῆς Δαυλίας χώρα καλουμένη Τρωνίς· ἐνταῦθα ἡρῷον ἥρω Ἀρχηγέτου πεποίηται· τὸν δὲ ἥρω τοῦτον Ξάνθιππον οὐκ ἀφανῆ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον, οἱ δὲ Φῶκον εἶναι τὸν Ὀρνυτίωνος τοῦ Σισύφου φασίν. ἔχει δʼ οὖν ἐπὶ ἡμέρᾳ τε πάσῃ τιμὰς καὶ ἄγοντες ἱερεῖα οἱ Φωκεῖς τὸ μὲν αἷμα διʼ ὀπῆς ἐσχέουσιν ἐς τὸν τάφον, τὰ δὲ κρέα ταύτῃ σφίσιν ἀναλοῦν καθέστηκεν.
5.1. There is also an ascent through Daulis to the summit of Parnassus, a longer one than that from Delphi, though not so difficult. Turning back from Daulis to the straight road to Delphi and going forwards, you see on the left of the road a building called the Phocian Building, where assemble the Phocian delegates from each city.
5.1. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄνοδος διὰ τῆς Δαυλίδος ἐς τὰ ἄκρα τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ μακροτέρα τῆς ἐκ Δελφῶν, οὐ μέντοι καὶ κατὰ ταὐτὰ χαλεπή. ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ Δελφῶν εὐθεῖαν ἀναστρέψαντι ἐκ Δαυλίδος καὶ ἰόντι ἐπὶ τὸ πρόσω, ἔστιν οἰκοδόμημα ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ καλούμενον Φωκικόν, ἐς ὃ ἀπὸ ἑκάστης πόλεως συνίασιν οἱ Φωκεῖς.
5.2. The building is large, and within are pillars standing throughout its length. From the pillars rise steps to each wall, on which steps the Phocian delegates take their seats. At the end are neither pillars nor steps, but images of Zeus, Athena and Hera. That of Zeus is on a throne; on his right stands Hera, on his left Athena.
5.2. μεγέθει μὲν μέγα τὸ οἴκημα, ἐντὸς δὲ αὐτοῦ κίονες κατὰ μῆκός εἰσιν ἑστηκότες· ἀναβασμοὶ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν κιόνων ἀνήκουσιν ἐς ἑκάτερον τοῖχον, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀναβασμῶν τούτων οἱ συνιόντες τῶν Φωκέων καθέζονται. πρὸς δὲ τῷ πέρατι κίονες μὲν οὐκ εἰσὶν οὐδὲ ἀναβασμοί, Διὸς δὲ ἄγαλμα καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ Ἥρας, τὸ μὲν ἐν θρόνῳ τοῦ Διός, ἑκατέρωθεν δὲ ἡ μὲν κατὰ δεξιά, ἡ δὲ ⟨κατὰ⟩ ἀριστερὰ παρεστῶσα ⟨ἡ⟩ Ἀθηνᾶ πεποίηται.
5.3. Going forward from here you will come to a road called the Cleft Road, the very road on which Oedipus slew his father. Fate would have it that memorials of the sufferings of Oedipus should be left throughout the length and breadth of Greece. At his birth they pieced his ankles with goads and exposed him on Mount Cithaeron in Plataean territory. Corinth and the land at the Isthmus were the scene of his upbringing. Phocis and the Cleft Road received the pollution of his murdered father's blood. Thebes is even more notorious for the marriage of Oedipus and for the sin of Eteocles.
5.3. προϊὼν δὲ αὐτόθεν ἐπὶ ὁδὸν ἀφίξῃ καλουμένην Σχιστήν· ἐπʼ αὐτῇ τῇ ὁδῷ τὰ ἐς τὸν φόνον τοῦ πατρὸς Οἰδίποδι εἰργάσθη. ἔδει δὲ ἄρα παθημάτων τῶν Οἰδίποδος ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὑπολειφθῆναι μνημόσυνα. τεχθέντος μέν γε διαπείραντες διὰ τῶν σφυρῶν κέντρα ἐκτιθέασιν αὐτὸν ἐς τὴν Πλαταιίδα, ὄρος τὸν Κιθαιρῶνα· Κόρινθος δὲ καὶ ἡ ἐπὶ τῷ ἰσθμῷ χώρα τροφὸς τῷ Οἰδίποδι ἐγένετο· γῆ δὲ ἡ Φωκὶς καὶ ὁδὸς ἡ Σχιστὴ τοῦ πατρῴου φόνου τὸ μίασμα ὑπεδέξατο· Θηβαίοις δὲ καὶ ἐς πλέον γάμων τέ σφισι τῶν Οἰδίποδος καὶ ἀδικίας τῆς Ἐτεοκλέους ἐστὶν ἡ φήμη.
5.4. The Cleft Road and the rash deed committed on it by Oedipus were the beginning of his troubles, and the tombs of Laius and the servant who followed him are still just as they were in the very middle of the place where the three roads meet, and over them have been piled unhewn stones. According to the story, it was Damasistratus, king of Plataea, who found the bodies lying and buried them.
5.4. Οἰδίποδι μὲν ὁδὸς ἡ Σχιστὴ καὶ τόλμημα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ κακῶν ἦρχε, καὶ τὰ τοῦ Λαΐου μνήματα καὶ οἰκέτου τοῦ ἑπομένου ταὐτὰ ἔτι ἐν μεσαιτάτῳ τῆς τριόδου ⟨ἐστὶ⟩ καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ λίθοι λογάδες σεσωρευμένοι· Δαμασίστρατον δὲ ἄνδρα ἐν Πλαταιαῖς βασιλεύοντα ἐπιτυχεῖν τε κειμένοις τοῖς νεκροῖς καὶ θάψαι φασὶν αὐτούς.
5.5. From here the high road to Delphi becomes both steeper and more difficult for the walker. Many and different are the stories told about Delphi, and even more so about the oracle of Apollo. For they say that in the earliest times the oracular seat belonged to Earth, who appointed as prophetess at it Daphnis, one of the nymphs of the mountain.
5.5. ἡ δὲ λεωφόρος αὐτόθεν ἡ ἐς Δελφοὺς καὶ προσάντης γίνεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἀνδρὶ εὐζώνῳ χαλεπωτέρα. λέγεται δὲ πολλὰ μὲν καὶ διάφορα ἐς αὐτοὺς τοὺς Δελφούς, πλείω δὲ ἔτι ἐς τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τὸ μαντεῖον. φασὶ γὰρ δὴ τὰ ἀρχαιότατα Γῆς εἶναι τὸ χρηστήριον, καὶ Δαφνίδα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τετάχθαι πρόμαντιν ὑπὸ τῆς Γῆς·
5.6. There is extant among the Greeks an hexameter poem, the name of which is Eumolpia, and it is assigned to Musaeus, son of Antiophemus. In it the poet states that the oracle belonged to Poseidon and Earth in common; that Earth gave her oracles herself, but Poseidon used Pyrcon as his mouthpiece in giving responses. The verses are these:—Forthwith the voice of the Earth-goddess uttered a wise word,And with her Pyrcon, servant of the renowned Earth-shaker.They say that afterwards Earth gave her share to Themis, who gave it to Apollo as a gift. It is said that he gave to Poseidon Calaureia, that lies off Troezen, in exchange for his oracle.
5.6. εἶναι δὲ αὐτὴν τῶν περὶ τὸ ὄρος νυμφῶν. ἔστι δὲ ἐν Ἕλλησι ποίησις, ὄνομα μὲν τοῖς ἔπεσίν ἐστιν Εὐμολπία, Μουσαίῳ δὲ τῷ Ἀντιοφήμου προσποιοῦσι τὰ ἔπη· πεποιημένον οὖν ἐστιν ἐν τούτοις Ποσειδῶνος ἐν κοινῷ καὶ Γῆς εἶναι τὸ μαντεῖον, καὶ τὴν μὲν χρᾶν αὐτήν, Ποσειδῶνι δὲ ὑπηρέτην ἐς τὰ μαντεύματα εἶναι Πύρκωνα. καὶ οὕτως ἔχει τὰ ἔπη·αὐτίκα δὲ Χθονίης φωνὴ πινυτὸν φάτο μῦθον,σὺν δὲ τε Πύρκων ἀμφίπολος κλυτοῦ Ἐννοσιγαίου.χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον, ὅσον τῇ Γῇ μετῆν, δοθῆναι Θέμιδι ὑπʼ αὐτῆς λέγουσιν, Ἀπόλλωνα δὲ παρὰ Θέμιδος λαβεῖν δωρεάν· Ποσειδῶνι δὲ ἀντὶ τοῦ μαντείου Καλαύρειαν ἀντιδοῦναί φασιν αὐτὸν τὴν πρὸ Τροιζῆνος.
5.7. I have heard too that shepherds feeding their flocks came upon the oracle, were inspired by the vapor, and prophesied as the mouthpiece of Apollo. The most prevalent view, however, is that Phemonoe was the first prophetess of the god, and first sang in hexameter verse. Boeo, a native woman who composed a hymn for the Delphians, said that the oracle was established for the god by comers from the Hyperboreans, Olen and others, and that he was the first to prophesy and the first to chant the hexameter oracles.
5.7. ἤκουσα δὲ καὶ ὡς ἄνδρες ποιμαίνοντες ἐπιτύχοιεν τῷ μαντείῳ, καὶ ἔνθεοί τε ἐγένοντο ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀτμοῦ καὶ ἐμαντεύσαντο ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος. μεγίστη δὲ καὶ παρὰ πλείστων ἐς Φημονόην δόξα ἐστίν, ὡς πρόμαντις γένοιτο ἡ Φημονόη τοῦ θεοῦ πρώτη καὶ πρώτη τὸ ἑξάμετρον ᾖσεν. Βοιὼ δὲ ἐπιχωρία γυνὴ ποιήσασα ὕμνον Δελφοῖς ἔφη κατασκευάσασθαι τὸ μαντεῖον τῷ θεῷ τοὺς ἀφικομένους ἐξ Ὑπερβορέων τούς τε ἄλλους καὶ Ὠλῆνα· τοῦτον δὲ καὶ μαντεύσασθαι πρῶτον καὶ ᾄσαι πρῶτον τὸ ἑξάμετρον.
5.8. The verses of Boeo are:—Here in truth a mindful oracle was builtBy the sons of the Hyperboreans, Pagasus and divine Agyieus.After enumerating others also of the Hyperboreans, at the end of the hymn she names Olen:—And Olen, who became the first prophet of Phoebus,And first fashioned a song of ancient verses.Tradition, however, reports no other man as prophet, but makes mention of prophetesses only.
5.8. πεποίηκε δὲ ἡ Βοιὼ τοιάδε·ἔνθα τοι εὔμνηστον χρηστήριον ἐκτελέσαντοπαῖδες Ὑπερβορέων Παγασὸς καὶ δῖος Ἀγυιεύς.ἐπαριθμοῦσα δὲ καὶ ἄλλους τῶν Ὑπερβορέων, ἐπὶ τελευτῇ τοῦ ὕμνου τὸν Ὠλῆνα ὠνόμασεν·Ὠλήν θʼ, ὃς γένετο πρῶτος Φοίβοιο προφάτας,πρῶτος δʼ ἀρχαίων ἐπέων τεκτάνατʼ ἀοιδάν.οὐ μέντοι τά γε ἥκοντα ἐς μνήμην ἐς ἄλλον τινά, ἐς δὲ γυναικῶν μαντείαν ἀνήκει μόνων.
5.9. They say that the most ancient temple of Apollo was made of laurel, the branches of which were brought from the laurel in Tempe. This temple must have had the form of a hut. The Delphians say that the second temple was made by bees from bees-wax and feathers, and that it was sent to the Hyperboreans by Apollo.
5.9. ποιηθῆναι δὲ τὸν ναὸν τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι τὸ ἀρχαιότατον δάφνης φασί, κομισθῆναι δὲ τοὺς κλάδους ἀπὸ τῆς δάφνης τῆς ἐν τοῖς Τέμπεσι· καλύβης δʼ ἂν σχῆμα οὗτός γε ἂν εἴη παρεσχηματισμένος ὁ ναός. δεύτερα δὲ λέγουσιν οἱ Δελφοὶ γενέσθαι ὑπὸ μελισσῶν τὸν ναὸν ἀπό τε τοῦ κηροῦ τῶν μελισσῶν καὶ ἐκ πτερῶν· πεμφθῆναι δὲ ἐς Ὑπερβορέους φασὶν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος.
5.10. Another story is current, that the temple was set up by a Delphian, whose name was Pteras, and so the temple received its name from the builder. After this Pteras, so they say, the city in Crete was named, with the addition of a letter, Apterei. The story that the temple was built of the fern (pteris) that grows on the mountains, by interweaving fresh stalks of it, I do not accept at all.
5.10. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἕτερος λόγος, ὡς τὸν ναὸν κατεσκευάσατο ἀνὴρ Δελφός, ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῷ Πτερᾶν εἶναι· κατὰ τοῦτο οὖν γενέσθαι καὶ τῷ ναῷ τοὔνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκοδομήσαντος· ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ Πτερᾶ καὶ πόλιν Κρητικὴν προσθήκῃ γράμματος Ἀπτερεούς φασιν ὀνομάζεσθαι. τὸν γὰρ δὴ λόγον τὸν ἔχοντα ἐς τὴν ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν αὐξομένην πτέριν, ὡς ἐκ τῆς πόας ταύτης χλωρᾶς ἔτι διεπλέξαντο ναόν, οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν προσίεμαι τὸν λόγον τοῦτον.
5.11. It is no wonder that the third temple was made of bronze, seeing that Acrisius made a bedchamber of bronze for his daughter, the Lacedaemonians still possess a sanctuary of Athena of the Bronze House, and the Roman forum, a marvel for its size and style, possesses a roof of bronze. So it would not be unlikely that a temple of bronze was made for Apollo.
5.11. τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸν τρίτον τῶν ναῶν, ὅτι ἐγένετο ἐκ χαλκοῦ, θαῦμα οὐδέν, εἴ γε Ἀκρίσιος μὲν θάλαμον χαλκοῦν τῇ θυγατρὶ ἐποιήσατο, Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν Χαλκιοίκου καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι λείπεται, Ῥωμαίοις δὲ ἡ ἀγορὰ μεγέθους ἕνεκα καὶ κατασκευῆς τῆς ἄλλης θαῦμα οὖσα παρέχεται τὸν ὄροφον χαλκοῦν· οὕτω καὶ ναὸν τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι οὐκ ἂν ἄπο γε τοῦ εἰκότος εἴη γενέσθαι χαλκοῦν.
5.12. The rest of the story I cannot believe, either that the temple was the work of Hephaestus, or the legend about the golden singers, referred to by Pindar in his verses about this bronze temple:—Above the pediment sangGolden Charmers.These words, it seems to me, are but an imitation of Homer's account of the Sirens. Neither did I find the accounts agree of the way this temple disappeared. Some say that it fell into a chasm in the earth, others that it was melted by fire.
5.12. τὰ μέντοι ἄλλα με οὐκ ἔπειθεν ὁ λόγος ἢ Ἡφαίστου τὸν ναὸν τέχνην εἶναι ἢ τὰ ἐς τὰς ᾠδοὺς τὰς χρυσᾶς, ἃ δὴ Πίνδαρος ᾖσεν ἐπʼ ἐκείνῳ τῷ ναῷ·χρύσειαι δʼ ἐξύπερθʼ αἰετοῦἄειδον Κηληδόνες.οὗτος μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἐς μίμησιν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῶν παρʼ Ὁμήρῳ Σειρήνων ἐποίησεν· οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τρόπον ὅντινα ἀφανισθῆναι συνέπεσε τῷ ναῷ, κατὰ ταὐτὰ εἰρημένα εὕρισκον· καὶ γὰρ ἐς χάσμα γῆς ἐμπεσεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπὸ πυρὸς τακῆναι λέγουσιν.
5.13. The fourth temple was made by Trophonius and Agamedes; the tradition is that it was made of stone. It was burnt down in the archonship of Erxicleides at Athens, in the first year of the fifty-eighth Olympiad, when Diognetus of Crotona was victorious. The modern temple was built for the god by the Amphictyons from the sacred treasures, and the architect was one Spintharus of Corinth.
5.13. τέταρτος δὲ ὑπὸ Τροφωνίου μὲν εἰργάσθη καὶ Ἀγαμήδους, λίθου δὲ αὐτὸν ποιηθῆναι μνημονεύουσι· κατεκαύθη δὲ Ἐρξικλείδου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, πρώτῳ δὲ τῆς ὀγδόης Ὀλυμπιάδος ἔτει καὶ πεντηκοστῆς, ἣν Κροτωνιάτης ἐνίκα Διόγνητος. τὸν δʼ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν τῷ θεῷ ναὸν ᾠκοδόμησαν μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες χρημάτων, ἀρχιτέκτων δέ τις Σπίνθαρος ἐγένετο αὐτοῦ Κορίνθιος.
6.1. They say that the oldest city was founded here by Parnassus, a son of Cleodora, a nymph. Like the other heroes, as they are called, he had two fathers; one they say was the god Poseidon, the human father being Cleopompus. After this Parnassus were named, they say, both the mountain and also the Parnassian glen. Augury from flying birds was, it is said, a discovery of Parnassus.
6.1. πόλιν δὲ ἀρχαιοτάτην οἰκισθῆναί φασιν ἐνταῦθα ὑπὸ Παρνασσοῦ, Κλεοδώρας δὲ εἶναι νύμφης παῖδα αὐτόν· καί οἱ πατέρας, καθάπερ γε καὶ ἄλλοις τῶν καλουμένων ἡρώων, Ποσειδῶνά τε θεὸν καὶ Κλεόπομπον ἄνδρα ἐπονομάζουσιν. ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ τῷ τε ὄρει τὸ ὄνομα τεθῆναι λέγουσι καὶ [ἀπὸ τούτου] Παρνασσίαν ὀνομασθῆναι νάπην· τῶν πετομένων τε ὀρνίθων τὴν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν μαντείαν γενέσθαι Παρνασσοῦ τὸ εὕρημα.
6.2. Now this city, so the story goes on, was flooded by the rains that fell in the time of Deucalion. Such of the inhabitants as were able to escape the storm were led by the howls of wolves to safety on the top of Parnassus, being led on their way by these beasts, and on this account they called the city that they founded Lycoreia (Mountainwolf-city).
6.2. ταύτην μὲν οὖν κατακλυσθῆναι τὴν πόλιν ὑπὸ τῶν ὄμβρων τῶν κατὰ Δευκαλίωνα συμβάντων· τῶν δὲ ἀνθρώπων ὅσοι διαφυγεῖν τὸν χειμῶνα ἠδυνήθησαν, λύκων ὠρυγαῖς ἀπεσώθησαν ἐς τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ τὰ ἄκρα ὑπὸ ἡγεμόσι τῆς πορείας τοῖς θηρίοις, πόλιν δὲ ἣν ἔκτισαν ἐκάλεσαν ἐπὶ τούτῳ Λυκώρειαν.
6.3. Another and different legend is current that Apollo had a son Lycorus by a nymph, Corycia, and that after Lycorus was named the city Lycoreia, and after the nymph the Corycian cave. It is also said that Celaeno was daughter to Hyamus, son of Lycorus, and that Delphus, from whom comes the present name of the city, was a son of Celaeno, daughter of Hyamus, by Apollo.
6.3. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλος διάφορος λόγος τῷ προτέρῳ, Ἀπόλλωνι ἐκ νύμφης Κωρυκίας γενέσθαι Λύκωρον, καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν Λυκώρου πόλιν Λυκώρειαν, τὸ ἄντρον δὲ ὀνομασθῆναι τὸ Κωρύκιον ἀπὸ τῆς νύμφης. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τάδε, Κελαινὼ θυγατέρα Ὑάμῳ τῷ Λυκώρου γενέσθαι, Δελφὸν δέ, ἀφʼ οὗ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐστι, Κελαινοῦς τε αὐτὸν τῆς Ὑάμου καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος εἶναι.
6.4. Others maintain that Castalius, an aboriginal, had a daughter Thyia, who was the first to be priestess of Dionysus and celebrate orgies in honor of the god. It is said that later on men called after her Thyiads all women who rave in honor of Dionysus. At any rate they hold that Delphus was a son of Apollo and Thyia. Others say that his mother was Melaena, daughter of Cephisus.
6.4. οἱ δὲ Καστάλιόν τε ἄνδρα αὐτόχθονα καὶ θυγατέρα ἐθέλουσιν αὐτῷ γενέσθαι Θυίαν, καὶ ἱερᾶσθαί τε τὴν Θυίαν Διονύσῳ πρῶτον καὶ ὄργια ἀγαγεῖν τῷ θεῷ· ἀπὸ ταύτης δὲ καὶ ὕστερον ὅσαι τῷ Διονύσῳ μαίνονται Θυιάδας καλεῖσθαι σφᾶς ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων· Ἀπόλλωνος δʼ οὖν παῖδα καὶ Θυίας νομίζουσιν εἶναι Δελφόν. οἱ δὲ μητρὸς [μὲν] Μελαίνης φασὶν αὐτόν, θυγατρὸς Κηφισοῦ.
6.5. Afterwards the dwellers around called the city Pytho, as well as Delphi, just as Homer so calls it in the list of the Phocians. Those who would find pedigrees for everything think that Pythes was a son of Delphus, and that because he was king the city was called Pytho. But the most widespread tradition has it that the victim of Apollo's arrows rotted here, and that this was the reason why the city received the name Pytho. For the men of those days used pythesthai for the verb “to rot,” and hence Homer in his poem says that the island of the Sirens was full of bones, because the men who heard their singing rotted (epythonto).
6.5. χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον καὶ Πυθὼ τὴν πόλιν, οὐ Δελφοὺς μόνον ἐκάλεσαν οἱ περιοικοῦντες, καθὰ καὶ Ὁμήρῳ πεποιημένα ἐν καταλόγῳ Φωκέων ἐστίν. οἱ μὲν δὴ γενεαλογεῖν τὰ πάντα ἐθέλοντες παῖδα εἶναι Δελφοῦ Πύθην καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου βασιλεύσαντος γενέσθαι τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἥγηνται· λόγος δὲ ὃς ἥκει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐς τοὺς πολλούς, τὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τοξευθέντα σήπεσθαί φησιν ἐνταῦθα, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὄνομα τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι Πυθώ· πύθεσθαι γὰρ δὴ τὰ σηπόμενα οἱ τότε ἔλεγον, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα Ὅμηρος πεποίηκεν ὡς ἡ τῶν Σειρήνων νῆσος ἀνάπλεως ὀστῶν εἴη, ὅτι οἱ τῆς ᾠδῆς αὐτῶν ἀκούοντες ἐπύθοντο ἄνθρωποι.
6.6. The poets say that the victim of Apollo was a dragon posted by Earth to be a guard for the oracle. It is also said that he was a violent son of Crius, a man with authority around Euboea. He pillaged the sanctuary of the god, and he also pillaged the houses of rich men. But when he was making a second expedition, the Delphians besought Apollo to keep from them the danger that threatened them.
6.6. τὸν δὲ ἀποθανόντα ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος ποιηταὶ μὲν δράκοντα εἶναι καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ μαντείῳ φύλακα ὑπὸ Γῆς τετάχθαι φασί· λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς Κριοῦ δυναστεύοντος ἀνδρὸς περὶ Εὔβοιαν παῖς γένοιτο ὑβριστής, καὶ ἐσύλησε μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ἱερόν, ἐσύλησε δὲ καὶ οἴκους ἀνδρῶν εὐδαιμόνων. ὡς δὲ ἐπεστράτευε καὶ δεύτερον, ἐνταῦθα οἱ Δελφοὶ τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ἱκέτευον ἀμῦναί σφισι τὸν ἐπιόντα κίνδυνον·
6.7. Phemonoe, the prophetess of that day, gave them an oracle in hexameter verse:—At close quarters a grievous arrow shall Apollo shootAt the spoiler of Parnassus; and of his blood-guiltThe Cretans shall cleanse his hands; but the renown shall never die.
6.7. καὶ ἡ Φημονόη πρόμαντις τηνικαῦτα οὖσα ἐν ἑξαμέτρῳ σφίσιν ἔχρησεν·ἀγχοῦ δὴ βαρὺν ἰὸν ἐπʼ ἀνέρι Φοῖβος ἐφήσεισίντῃ Παρνησσοῖο· φόνου δέ ἑ Κρήσιοι ἄνδρεςχεῖρας ἁγιστεύ⟨ς⟩ουσι· τὸ δὲ κλέος οὔ ποτʼ ὀλεῖται.
7.1. It seems that from the beginning the sanctuary at Delphi has been plotted against by a vast number of men. Attacks were made against it by this Euboean pirate, and years afterwards by the Phlegyan nation; furthermore by Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, by a portion of the army of Xerxes, by the Phocian chieftains, whose attacks on the wealth of the god were the longest and fiercest, and by the Gallic invaders. It was fated too that Delphi was to suffer from the universal irreverence of Nero, who robbed Apollo of five hundred bronze statues, some of gods, some of men.
7.1. ἔοικε δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ ἐν Δελφοῖς ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων ἐπιβεβουλεῦσθαι πλείστων ἤδη. οὗτός τε ὁ Εὐβοεὺς λῃστὴς καὶ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον τὸ ἔθνος τὸ Φλεγυῶν, ἔτι δὲ Πύρρος ὁ Ἀχιλλέως ἐπεχείρησεν αὐτῷ, καὶ δυνάμεως μοῖρα τῆς Ξέρξου, καὶ οἱ χρόνον τε ἐπὶ πλεῖστον καὶ μάλιστα τοῦ θεοῦ τοῖς χρήμασιν ἐπελθόντες οἱ ἐν Φωκεῦσι δυνάσται, καὶ ἡ Γαλατῶν στρατιά. ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα οὐδὲ τῆς Νέρωνος ἐς πάντα ὀλιγωρίας ἀπειράτως ἕξειν, ὃς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα πεντακοσίας θεῶν τε ἀναμὶξ ἀφείλετο καὶ ἀνθρώπων εἰκόνας χαλκᾶς.