1. But in case anyone wants to own a horse suitable for parade, with a high and showy action, such qualities are by no means to be found in every horse: but it is essential that he should have plenty of spirit and a strong body.
1. ἢν δέ τις ἄρα βουληθῇ καὶ πομπικῷ καὶ μετεώρῳ καὶ λαμπρῷ ἵππῳ χρήσασθαι, οὐ μάλα μὲν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐκ παντὸς ἵππου γίγνεται, ἀλλὰ δεῖ ὑπάρξαι αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν μεγαλόφρονα καὶ τὸ σῶμα εὔρωστον.
2. Many suppose that an animal that has supple legs will also be capable of rearing his body. That, however, is not the case: rather it is the horse with supple, short, strong loins that will be able to extend his hind-legs well under the forelegs. By “loins” we do not mean the parts about the tail, but those between the flanks and haunches about the belly.
2. οὐ μέντοι ὅ γε οἴονταί τινες τὸν τὰ σκέλη ὑγρὰ ἔχοντα καὶ τὸ σῶμα αἴρειν δυνήσεσθαι, οὕτως ἔχει· ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ὃς ἂν τὴν ὀσφῦν ὑγράν τε καὶ βραχεῖαν καὶ ἰσχυρὰν ἔχῃ (καὶ οὐ τὴν κατʼ οὐρὰν λέγομεν, ἀλλʼ ἣ πέφυκε μεταξὺ τῶν πλευρῶν καὶ τῶν ἰσχίων κατὰ τὸν κενεῶνα), οὗτος δυνήσεται πόρρω ὑποτιθέναι τὰ ὀπίσθια σκέλη ὑπὸ τὰ ἐμπρόσθια.
3. Now, if when he is planting his hind-legs under him you pull him up with the bit, he bends the hind-legs on the hocks and raises the fore-part of his body, so that anyone facing him can see the belly and the sheath. When he does that you must give him the bit that he may appear to the onlookers to be doing willingly the finest things that a horse can do.
3. ἢν οὖν τις ὑποτιθέντος αὐτοῦ ἀνακρούῃ τῷ χαλινῷ, ὀκλάζει μὲν τὰ ὀπίσθια ἐν τοῖς ἀστραγάλοις, αἴρει δὲ τὸ πρόσθεν σῶμα, ὥστε τοῖς ἐξ ἐναντίας φαίνεσθαι τὴν γαστέρα καὶ τὰ αἰδοῖα. δεῖ δὲ καὶ ὅταν ταῦτα ποιῇ διδόναι αὐτῷ τὸν χαλινόν, ὅπως τὰ κάλλιστα ἵππου ἑκόντα ποιῆσαι δοκῇ τοῖς ὁρῶσιν.
4. Some, however, teach these accomplishments by striking him under the hocks with a rod, others by telling a man to run alongside and hit him with a stick under the gaskins.
4. εἰσὶ μέντοι οἳ καὶ ταῦτα διδάσκουσιν οἱ μὲν ῥάβδῳ ὑπὸ τοὺς ἀστραγάλους κρούοντες, οἱ δὲ καὶ βακτηρίᾳ παρατρέχοντά τινα κελεύοντες ὑπὸ τὰς μηριαίας παίειν.
5. We, however, consider that the lesson is most satisfactory if, as we have repeatedly said, the rider invariably allows him relaxation when he has done something according to his wishes.
5. ἡμεῖς γε μέντοι τὸ κράτιστον τῶν διδασκαλίων νομίζομεν, ὥσπερ ἀεὶ λέγομεν, ἢν ἐν παντὶ παρέπηται τὸ ἐν ᾧ ἂν ποιήσῃ τῷ ἀναβάτῃ κατὰ γνώμην τυγχάνειν ῥᾳστώνης παρʼ αὐτοῦ.
6. For what a horse does under constraint, as Simon says, he does without understanding, and with no more grace than a dancer would show if he was whipped and goaded. Under such treatment horse and man alike will do much more that is ugly than graceful. No, a horse must make the most graceful and brilliant appearance in all respects of his own will with the help of aids.
6. ἃ μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἵππος ἀναγκαζόμενος ποιεῖ, ὥσπερ καὶ Σίμων λέγει, οὔτʼ ἐπίσταται οὔτε καλά ἐστιν οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἢ εἴ τις ὀρχηστὴν μαστιγῶν καὶ κεντρίζων ⟨ῥυθμίζοι⟩· πολὺ γὰρ ἂν πλείω ἀσχημονοίη ἢ καλὰ ποιοίη ὁ τοιαῦτα πάσχων καὶ ἵππος καὶ ἄνθρωπος. ἀλλὰ δεῖ ἀπὸ σημείων ἑκόντα πάντα τὰ κάλλιστα καὶ λαμπρότατα ἐπιδείκνυσθαι.
7. Further, if you gallop him during a ride until he sweats freely, and as soon as he prances in fine style, quickly dismount and unbridle him, you may be sure that he will come willingly to the prance.
7. ἢν δὲ καί, ὅταν μὲν ἱππάζηται μέχρι, πολλοῦ ἱδρῶτος ἐλαύνηται, ὅταν δὲ καλῶς μετεωρίζῃ ἑαυτόν, ταχύ τε καταβαίνηται καὶ ἀποχαλινῶται, εὖ χρὴ εἰδέναι ὅτι ἑκὼν εἶσιν εἰς τὸ μετεωρίζειν ἑαυτόν·
8. This is the attitude in which artists represent the horses on which gods and heroes ride, and men who manage such horses gracefully have a magnificent appearance.
8. ἐπὶ τῶν τοιούτων δὴ ἱππαζόμενοι ἵππων καὶ θεοὶ καὶ ἥρωες γράφονται, καὶ ἄνδρες οἱ καλῶς χρώμενοι αὐτοῖς μεγαλοπρεπεῖς φαίνονται.
9. Indeed a prancing horse is a thing so graceful, terrible and astonishing that it rivets the gaze of all beholders, young and old alike. At all events no one leaves him or is tired of gazing at him so long as he shows off his brilliance.
9. οὕτω δὲ καὶ ἔστιν ὁ μετεωρίζων ἑαυτὸν ἵππος σφόδρα [ἢ καλὸν ἢ δεινὸν ἢ] ἀγαστὸν [ἢ θαυμαστόν], ὡς πάντων τῶν ὁρώντων καὶ νέων καὶ γεραιτέρων τὰ ὄμματα κατέχειν. οὐδεὶς γοῦν οὔτε ἀπολείπει αὐτὸν οὔτε ἀπαγορεύει θεώμενος, ἔστʼ ἄν περ ἐπιδεικνύηται τὴν λαμπρότητα.
10. Should the owner of such a horse happen to be a colonel or a general, he must not make it his object to be the one brilliant figure, but must attach much more importance to making the whole troop behind him worth looking at.
10. ἤν γε μήν ποτε συμβῇ τινι τῶν τοιοῦτον ἵππον κεκτημένων ἢ φυλαρχῆσαι ἢ ἱππαρχῆσαι, οὐ δεῖ αὐτὸν τοῦτο σπουδάζειν, ὅπως αὐτὸς μόνος λαμπρὸς ἔσται, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον ὅπως ὅλον τὸ ἑπόμενον ἀξιοθέατον φανεῖται.
11. Now if a horse is leading in the manner which wins most praise for such horses, prancing high and with his body closely gathered, so that he moves forward with very short steps, the rest of the horses must obviously follow also at a walking pace. Now what can there be really brilliant in such a sight?
11. ἢν μὲν οὖν ἡγῆται [ὡς μάλιστα ἐπαινοῦσι τοὺς τοιούτους ἵππους,] ὃς ἂν ἀνωτάτω αἰρόμενος καὶ πυκνότατα τὸ σῶμα βραχύτατον προβαίνῃ, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ βάδην ἕποιντʼ ἂν οἱ ἄλλοι ἵπποι αὐτῷ. ἐκ δὲ ταύτης τῆς ὄψεως τί ἂν καὶ λαμπρὸν γένοιτʼ ἄν;
12. But if you rouse your horse and lead neither too fast nor too slow, but at the pace at which the most spirited horses look most fiery and stately—if you lead your men in that way, there will be such a continual stamping, such a continual neighing and snorting of the horses going on behind you, that not only you yourself but all the troop behind you will be worth watching.
12. ἢν δὲ ἐξεγείρας τὸν ἵππον ἡγῇ μήτε τῷ ἄγαν ταχεῖ μήτε τῷ ἄγαν βραδεῖ, ὡς δʼ εὐθυμότατοι ἵπποι καὶ γοργότατοι καὶ [πονεῖν] εὐσχημονέστατοι γίγνονται, —ἐὰν ἡγῇ αὐτοῖς οὕτως, ἁθρόος μὲν ⟨ἂν⟩ ὁ κτύπος, ἁθρόον δὲ τὸ φρύαγμα καὶ τὸ φύσημα τῶν ἵππων συμπαρέποιτο, ὥστε οὐ μόνον αὐτὸς ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντες οἱ συμπαρεπόμενοι ἀξιοθέατοι ἂν φαίνοιντο.
13. If a man buys his horses well, trains them so that they can stand work, and uses them properly in the training for war, in the exhibition rides and on the battle-fields, what is there then to hinder him from making horses more valuable than they are when he takes them over, and why should he not be the owner of famous horses, and also become famous himself for his horsemanship, provided no divine power prevents?
13. ἤν γε μήν τις καλῶς μὲν ἱππωνήσῃ, τρέφῃ δὲ ὡς πόνους δύνασθαι ὑποφέρειν, ὀρθῶς δὲ χρῆται καὶ ἐν τοῖς πρὸς πόλεμον μελετήμασι καὶ ἐν ταῖς πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν ἱππασίαις καὶ ἐν τοῖς πολεμικοῖς ἀγωνίσμασι, τί ἔτι ἐμποδὼν τούτῳ μὴ οὐχὶ πλείονός τε ἀξίους ἵππους ποιεῖν ἢ οἵους ἂν παραλαμβάνῃ, καὶ εὐδοκίμους μὲν ἵππους ἔχειν, εὐδοκιμεῖν δὲ αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἱππικῇ, ἢν μή τι δαιμόνιον κωλύῃ;