38.14. in the silence of the night, as the custom is, he appointed Lucius Papirius dictator. the envoys thanked him for nobly conquering his feelings, he continued obstinately silent, and dismissed them without making any reply or alluding to what he had done, so that it was clearly seen what agony his great heart was suppressing. Papirius named Gaius Junius Bubulcus master of the horse. he began to lay before the curiate assembly a law confirming his authority, the proceedings were cut short by an evil omen, the first vote to be counted being that of the ward called Faucia, notorious for two calamities, the capture of the City and the Caudine Peace, which had both been incurred in years when this same curia had the right of the first return. Licinius Macer makes this ward unlucky also for a third disaster —that of the Cremera.
38.14. Macer Licinius tertia etiam clade, quae ad Cremeram accepta est, abominandam eam earn curiam facit. postero die auspiciis repetitis pertulit legem; et profectus cum legionibus ad terrorem traducti silvam Ciminiam exercitus nuper scriptis ad Longulam pervenit acceptisque a Marcio consule veteribus militibus in aciem copias eduxit.
39.2. day the dictator sought the auspices afresh and carried the law through., setting out with the legions which had recently been recruited on account of the fear occasioned by the army's march through the Ciminian Forest, he came to the vicinity of Longula, and taking over from Marcius the consul his veteran troops, marched out and offered battle, which the enemy on their part seemed willing to accept. while the two armies stood armed and ready for the conflict, which neither cared to begin, night overtook them.
39.2. hostes detractare visi pugnam. deinde armatosque, cum ab neutris proelium inciperet, nox oppressit. aliquamdiu nec suis diffidentes viribus nec hostem spernentes, stativa in propinquo habuere.
39.4. some time after that they remained quietly in the camps they had established near one another, neither lacking confidence in themselves nor yet making light of their adversaries.
39.4. Etrusci lege sacrata coacto exercitu, cum vir virum legisset, quantis nunquam alias ante simul copiis simul animis dimicarunt;
39.5. the Etruscans, employing a lex sacrata, had raised an army in which each man had chosen his comrade, and joined battle, with greater forces, and at the same time with greater valour, than ever before.
39.5. tantoque irarum certamine gesta res est ut ab neutra parte emissa sint tela. pugna coepit et acerrime commissa ipso certamine, quod aliquamdiu anceps fuit, accensa est, ut non cum Etruscis totiens victis, sed cum aliqua nova gente videretur dimicatio esse.
39.6. The field was contested with such rivalry of rage that neither side discharged a missile. The battle began with swords, and, furious at the outset, waxed hotter as the struggle continued, for the victory was long undecided. seemed as though the Romans were contending, not with the so oft defeated Etruscans, but with some new race.
39.6. ab ulla parte movetur fugae; cadunt antesignani, et ne nudentur propugnatoribus signa, fit ex secunda prima acies.
39.7. sign of flight was visible in any quarter. the front —rankers fell, the second line moved up to replace the first, that the standards might not want defenders.
39.7. ultimis deinde subsidiis cietur miles; adeoque ad ultimum laboris ac periculi ventum est ut equites Romani omissis equis ad primos ordines peditum per arma, per corpora evaserint. velut nova inter fessos exorta acies turbavit signa Etruscorum;
39.8. that the last reserves were called upon; and to such extremity of distress and danger did the Romans come that their cavalry dismounted, and made their way over arms and over bodies to the front ranks of the infantry. a fresh line springing up amongst the exhausted combatants, they wrought havoc in the companies of the Etruscans. the rest of the soldiers, following up their charge, despite of weariness, at last broke through the enemy's ranks.
39.8. secuta deinde impetum eorum, utcumque adfecta erat, cetera multitudo tandem perrumpit ordines hostium. vinci pertinacia coepta et averti manipuli quidam, et, ut semel dedere hi terga, etiam ceteri item capessere fugam.
39.10. this their stubbornness began to be overcome, and certain companies to face about; and when these had once turned tail, the rest likewise took to flight. day for the first time broke the might of the Etruscans, which had long flourished in prosperity. strength was cut off in the battle, and their camp was taken and plundered in the same attack.
39.10. primum dies fortuna vetere abundantes Etruscorum fregit opes. in acie, quod roboris fuit; castra eodem impetu capta direptaque. subinde periculo gloriaeque eventu bellum in Samnitibus erat, qui praeter ceteros cetoros belli apparatus, ut acies sua fulgeret novis armorum insignibus fecerunt.
40.2. The war in Samnium, immediately afterwards, was attended with equal danger and an equally glorious conclusion. The enemy, besides their other warlike preparations, had made their battle —line to glitter with new and splendid arms. were two corps: the shields of the one were inlaid with gold, of the other with silver. The shape of the shield was this: the upper part, where it protected the breast and shoulders, was rather broad, with a level top; below it was somewhat tapering, to make it easier to handle.
40.2. exercitus erant; scuta alterius auro, alterius argento caelaverunt; forma erat scuti: summum latius, qua pectus atque umeri teguntur, fastigio aequali; ad imum cuneatior mobilitatis causa.
40.3. wore a sponge to protect the breast, and the left leg was covered with a greave. helmets were crested, to make their stature appear greater. The tunics of the gilded warriors were parti —coloured; those of the silvern ones were linen of a dazzling white.
40.3. pectori tegumentum et sinistrum crus ocrea tectum; galeae cristatae, quae speciem speeiem magnitudini corporum adderent. auratis militibus versicolores, argentatis linteae candidae. vaginae argenteae, baltea argentea: auratae vaginae, aurea baltea illis erant, et equorum inaurata tapeta. dextrum cornu datum; illi in sinistro consistunt.
40.4. The latter had silver sheaths and silver baldrics: the former gilded sheaths and golden baldrics, and their horses had gold —embroidered saddle —cloths.
40.4. iam Romanis apparatus insignium armorum fuerat doctique a ducibus erant horridum militem esse debere, non caelatum auro et argento sed ferro et animis fretum:
40.5. The right wing was assigned to these: the others took up their post on the left. The Romans had already learned of these splendid accoutrements, and their generals had taught them that a soldier should be rough to look on, not adorned with gold and silver but putting his trust in iron and in courage:
40.5. quippe illa praedam verius quam arma esse, nitentia ante rem, deformia inter sanguinem et volnera.
40.6. indeed those other things were more truly spoil than arms, shining bright before a battle, but losing their beauty in the midst of blood and wounds;
40.6. esse militis decus et omnia illa victoriam sequi et ditem hostem quamvis pauperis victoris praemium esse.
40.7. manhood they said, was the adornment of a soldier; all those other things went with the victory, and a rich enemy was the prize of the victor, however poor. his men were animated by these words, Cursor led them into battle.
40.7. Cursor vocibus instinctos milites in proelium ducit. ipse cornu consistit, sinistro praefecit magistrum equitum.
40.8. took up his own post on the right, and committed the left to the master of the horse.
40.8. est concursum, ingens fuit cum hoste certamen, non segnius inter dictatorem et magistrum equitum ab utra parte victoria inciperet.
40.9. the moment of encountering, there was a mighty struggle with the enemy, and a struggle no less sharp between the dictator and the master of the horse, to decide which wing was to inaugurate the victory. so happened that Junius was the first to make an impression on the Samnites. the Roman left he faced the enemy's right, where they had consecrated themselves, as their custom was, and for that reason were resplendent in white coats and equally white armour.
40.9. forte iunius lunius commovit hostem, laevo dextrum cornu, sacratos more Samnitium milites eoque candida veste et paribus candore armis insignes; eos se Orco mactare Iunius dictitans cum intulisset signa turbavit ordines et haud dubie impulit aciem.
40.10. that he offered up these men in sacrifice to Orcus, Junius charged, threw their ranks into disorder, and clearly made their line recoil.
40.10. ubi sensit dictator, laevone cornu victoria incipiet inquit, et dextrum cornu, dictatoris acies, alienam pugnam sequetur, non partem maximam victoriae trahet?
40.11. the dictator saw this, he cried, “the victory begin upon the left? the right, the dictator's division, follow the attack of others? it not carry off the honours of ” “the victory?”
40.11. milites; nec peditum virtuti equites aut legatorum studia ducibus cedunt.
40.12. fired the soldiers with new energy; nor did the cavalry display less valour than the foot, or the lieutenants less enthusiasm than the generals. Marcus Valerius on the right and Publius Decius on the left, both men of consular rank, rode out to the cavalry, which was posted on the wings, and, exhorting them to join with themselves in seizing a share of glory, charged obliquely against the enemy's flanks.
40.12. M. Valerius a dextro, P. Decius ab laevo cornu, ambo consulares, ad equites in cornibus positos evehuntur adhortatique eos ut partem secum capesserent decoris in transversa latera hostium incurrunt.
40.13. a new and appalling danger enveloped their line on either side, and when the Roman legions, observing the terror of the Samnites, pressed forward with redoubled shouts, the enemy began to flee. The fields were soon heaped with slain and with glittering armour. first the frightened Samnites found a refuge in their camp, but presently even that had to be abandoned, and ere nightfall it had been taken, sacked, and set on fire.
40.13. novus additus terror cum ex parte utraque circumvasisset aciem et ad terrorem hostium legiones Romanae redintegrato clamore intulissent gradum, tum fuga ab Samnitibus coepta. strage hominum armorumque insignium campi repleri. primo pavidos Samnites castra sua accepere, deinde ne ea quidem retenta; captis direptisque ante noctem iniectus ignis. ex senatus consulto triumphavit, cuius triumpho triumph longe maximam speciem captiva arma praebuere.
40.15. The dictator, as decreed by the senate, celebrated a triumph, in which by far the finest show was afforded by the captured armour.
40.15. magnificentiae visum in iis, ut aurata scuta dominis argentariarum ad forum ornandum dividerentur. natum initium dicitur fori ornandi ab aedilibus cum tensae ducerentur.
40.16. magnificent was its appearance that the shields inlaid with gold were divided up amongst the owners of the moneychangers' booths, to be used in decking out the Forum. this is said to have come the custom of the aediles adorning the Forum whenever the tensae, or covered chariots of the gods, were conducted through it.
40.16. Romani quidem ad honorem deum insignibus armis hostium usi sunt: Campani ab superbia et odio Samnitium gladiatores, quod spectaculum inter epulas erat, eo ornatu armarunt Samnitiumque nomine compellarunt.
40.17. the Romans made use of the splendid armour of their enemies to do honour to the gods; while the Campanians, in consequence of their pride and in hatred of the Samnites, equipped after this fashion the gladiators who furnished them entertainment at their feasts, and bestowed on them the name of Samnites.
40.17. anno cum reliquiis Etruscorum ad Perusiam, quae et ipsa indutiarum fidem ruperat, Fabius consul nec dubia nec difficili victoria dimicat.
40.18. the same year the consul Fabius fought a battle with the remnants of the Etruscan forces near Perusia —which, together with other cities, had broken the truce —and gained an easy and decisive victory.
40.18. oppidum—nam ad moenia victor accessit—cepisset, ni legati dedentes urbem exissent.
40.19. would have taken the town itself —for after the battle he marched up to the walls —had not ambassadors come out and surrendered the place.
40.19. Perusiae imposito, legationibus Etruriae amicitiam petentibus prae se Romam ad senatum missis consul praestantiore etiam quam dictator victoria triumphans urbem est invectus;
40.20. placed a garrison in Perusia and having sent on before him to the senate in Rome the Etruscan deputations which had come to him seeking friendship, the consul was borne in triumph into the City, after gaining a success more brilliant even than the dictator's; indeed the glory of conquering the Samnites was largely diverted upon the lieutenants, Publius Decius and Marcus Valerius, of whom, at the next election, the people with great enthusiasm made the one consul and the other praetor.
40.20. quin etiam devictorum Samnitium decus magna ex parte ad legatos, P. Decium et M. Valerium, est versum; quos populus proximis comitiis ingenti consensu consulem alterum, alterum praetorem declaravit. Fabio ob egregie perdomitam Etruriam continuatur consulatus; Decius collega datur. Valerius praetor quartum creatus. partiti provincias: Etruria Decio, Samnium Fabio evenit.
41.2. recognition of his remarkable conquest of Etruria, Fabius was continued in the consulship, and was given Decius for his colleague. Valerius was for the fourth time chosen praetor. The consuls cast lots for the commands, Etruria falling to Decius and Samnium to Fabius. The latter marched against Nuceria Alfaterna, and rejecting that city's overtures of peace because its people had declined it when it was offered them, laid siege to the place and forced it to surrender. battle was fought with the Samnites, in which the enemy were defeated without much difficulty, nor would the engagement have been remembered but for the fact that it was the first time that the Marsi had made war against the Romans.
41.2. profectus ad Nuceriam Alfaternam, cum pacem petentes, quod uti ea cum daretur noluissent, aspernatus esset, oppugnando ad deditionem subegit. Samnitibus acie dimicatum. magno certamine hostes victi; neque eius pugnae memoria tradita foret, ni Marsi eo primum proelio cum Romanis bellassent. Marsorum defectionem Paeligni eandem fortunam habuerunt hlabuerunt.
41.5. The Paeligni imitated the defection of the Marsi, and met with the same fate. Decius, the other consul, was also successful in war.
41.5. Decio quoque, alteri consuli, secunda belli fortuna erat. metu subegerat frumentum exercitui praebere atque indutias in quadraginta annos petere.
41.6. he had frightened the Tarquinienses into furnishing corn for the army and seeking a truce for forty years, he captured by storm a number of strongholds belonging to the people of Volsinii.
41.6. castella aliquot vi cepit; quaedam ex his diruit ne receptaculo hostibus essent; circumferendoque passim bello tantum terrorem sui fecit ut nomen omne Etruscum foedus ab consule peteret.
41.7. of these he dismantled, lest they should serve as a refuge for the enemy, and by devastating far and wide he made himself so feared that all who bore the Etruscan name begged the consul to grant them a treaty. privilege they were denied, but a truce for a year was granted them.
41.7. de eo quidem nihil impetratum; indutiae annuae datae. exercitu Romano ab hoste in eum annum pensum et binae tunicae in militem exactae; ea merces indutiarum fuit.
41.8. were required to furnish the Roman army with a year's pay and two tunics for each soldier; such was the price they paid for a truce. The tranquillity which now obtained in Etruria was disturbed by a sudden revolt of the Umbrians, a people which had escaped all the distress of war, except that an army had passed through their territory.
41.8. res iam in Etruscis turbavit repentina defectio Umbrorum, gentis integrae a cladibus belli, nisi quod transitum exercitus ager senserat.
41.9. up all their fighting men, and inducing great part of the Etruscans to rebel, they mustered so large an army, that they boasted, with much glorifying of themselves and fleering at the Romans, that they would leave Decius behind them in Etruria and march off to the assault of Rome.
41.9. concitata omni iuventute sua et magna parte Etruscorum ad rebellionem compulsa tantum exercitum fecerant ut relicto post se in Etruria Decio ad oppugnandam inde Romam ituros, magnifice de se ac contemptim de Romanis loquentes, iactarent.
41.10. this purpose of theirs was reported to the consul Decius, he hastened by forced marches from Etruria towards the City, and encamped in the fields belonging to Pupinia, eagerly waiting for word of their approach.
41.10. inceptum eorum ubi ad Decium consulem perlatum est, ad urbem ex Etruria magnis itineribus pergit et in agro Pupiniensi ad famam intentus hostium consedit.
41.11. Rome no one made light of an Umbrian invasion. very threats had excited fear in those who had learnt from the Gallic disaster how unsafe was the City they inhabited.
41.11. Romae spernebatur Umbrorum bellum, et ipsae minae metum fecerant expertis Gallica clade quam intutam urbem incolerent.
41.12. envoys were dispatched to carry word to Fabius the consul, that if there were any slackening in the Samnite war he should with all speed lead his army into Umbria.
41.12. legati ad Fabium consulem missi sunt, ut si quid laxamenti a bello Samnitium esset, in Umbriam propere exercitum duceret.
41.13. The consul obeyed the order, and advanced by long marches to Mevania, where the forces of the Umbrians at that time lay.
41.13. paruit consul magnisque itineribus ad Mevaniam, ubi tum copiae Umbrorum erant, perrexit.
41.14. The sudden arrival of the consul, whom they had believed to have his hands full with another war in Samnium, a long way from Umbria, so dismayed the Umbrians that some were for falling back on their fortified cities, and others for giving up the war; but one canton —which they themselves call Materina —not only kept the rest to their arms, but brought them to an immediate engagement.
41.14. adventus consulis, quem procul Umbria in Samnio bello alio occupatum crediderant, ita exterruit Umbros ut alii recedendum ad urbes munitas, quidam omittendum bellum censerent; plaga una —Materinam ipsi appellant—non continuit modo ceteros in armis sed confestim ad certamen egit. vallantem Fabium adorti sunt.
41.16. Fabius was entrenching his camp when they attacked him. soon as he saw them rushing madly upon his ramparts, he recalled the soldiers from their work and drew them up, as time and the nature of the ground permitted, and encouraging them with a true relation of the honours they had won, some in Etruria and some in Samnium, bade them end this trivial sequel to the Etruscan war, and revenge upon the foe his impious threat that he would assault the City of Rome.
41.16. ubi effusos ruere in munimenta consul vidit, revocatos milites ab opere, prout loci natura tempusque patiebatur, ita instruxit; cohortatusque praedicatione vera qua in Tuscis, qua in Samnio partorum decorum exiguam appendicem Etrusci belli conficere iubet et vocis impiae poenas expetere, qua se urbem Romanam oppugnaturos minati sint.
41.17. These words were received by the soldiers with such alacrity that the speech of the general was interrupted by a spontaneous cheer., before the command could be given, they hurled themselves —to the blare of horns and trumpets —with the wildest abandon against the enemy.
41.17. tanta sunt alacritate militum audita ut clamor sua sponte ortus loquentem interpellaverit ducem. imperium, deinde concentu tubarum ac cornuum cursu effuso in hostem feruntur.
41.18. fought not as though their opponents had been men and armed; but —marvellous to relate -began with tearing the standards out of the bearers' hands, and then fell to dragging the bearers themselves before the consul and to bringing armed men over from the other line to their own; wherever they met with resistance, they did their work more with shields than with swords, swinging them from the shoulder and knocking down their enemies with the bosses.
41.18. tamquam in viros aut armatos incurrunt; mirabilia dictu, signa primo eripi coepta signiferis, deinde ipsi signiferi trahi ad consulem, armatique milites ex acie in aciem transferri, et sicubi est certamen, scutis magis quam gladiis geritur res; umbonibus incussaque ala sternuntur hostes.
41.19. The slain were outnumbered by the prisoners, and all along the battle line one cry was heard: that they should lay down their arms.
41.19. capitur hominum quam caeditur, atque una vox ponere arma iubentium per totam fertur aciem.
41.20. so, while the battle was still going on, the surrender was made, by the men who had first advocated war. the next and on succeeding days the other peoples of Umbria also capitulated: the men of Ocriculum were received into friendship under a stipulation.
41.20. inter ipsum certamen facta deditio est a primis auctoribus belli. insequentibusque diebus et ceteri Umbrorum populi deduntur; Ocriculani sponsione in amicitiam accepti. Fabius, alienae sortis victor belli, in suam provinciam exercitum reduxit.
42.2. Fabius, having won a war assigned by lot to another man, led his army back to his own province. as in the preceding year the people had rewarded his successful campaign by re —electing him to the consulship, so now the senate continued him in command for the year to follow. The new consuls were Appius Claudius and Lucius Volumnius, the former of whom had strongly opposed the resolution.
42.2. ei ob res tam feliciter gestas, sicut priore anno populus continuaverat consulatum, ita senatus in insequentem annum, quo Ap. Claudius L. Volumnius consules fuerunt, prorogavit maxime Appio adversante imperium.
42.3. find in certain annals that Appius sought the consulship when censor, and that Lucius Furius, a tribune of the plebs, refused to let him stand until he should have resigned the censorship.
42.3. censorem petisse consulatum comitiaque eius ab L. Furio tribuno plebis interpellata, donec se censura abdicarit, in quibusdam annalibus invenio.
42.4. The election over, his colleague was decreed the command in the new war —with the Sallentini —and Appius remained in Rome, to strengthen his power by civil arts, since the means of acquiring repute in war remained with others.
42.4. consul, cum collegae novum bellum, Sallentini hostes decernerentur, Romae mansit ut urbanis artibus opes augeret quando belli decus penes alios esset.
42.5. Volumnius had no cause to regret his assignment. engaged in many successful battles and took several hostile towns by assault. in his distribution of the spoil, he enhanced the effect of a liberality which was pleasing in itself by his friendly bearing —traits which had made his soldiers eager for toil and danger.
42.5. Volumnium provinciae haud paenituit. secunda proelia fecit, aliquot urbes hostium vi cepit. erat largitor et benignitatem per se gratam comitate adiuvabat militemque his artibus fecerat et periculi et laboris avidum.
42.6. The proconsul Quintus Fabius fought near the city Allifae a pitched battle with the army of the Samnites. The result was anything but doubtful, for the enemy were routed and driven into their camp; and they could not have held the camp had there not been very little daylight left. so they were invested before dark, and guards were posted in the night to prevent anyone's escaping.
42.6. Q. Fabius pro consule ad urbem Allifas cum Samnitium exercitu signis conlatis confligit. ambigua res fuit; fusi hostes atque in castra compulsi. castra forent retenta, ni exiguum superfuisset diei; ante noctem tamen sunt circumsessa et nocte custodita ne quis elabi posset.
42.7. day, before it was well light, they began to surrender. The Samnites among them bargained to be dismissed in their tunics; all these were sent under the yoke.
42.7. die vixdum luce certa deditio fieri coepta et pacti qui Samnitium forent ut cum singulis vestimentis emitterentur; ii omnes sub iugum missi.
42.8. The allies of the Samnites were protected by no guarantee, and were sold into slavery, to the number of seven thousand. who gave themselves out for Hernic citizens were detained apart in custody, and Fabius sent them all to the senate in Rome.
42.8. Samnitium nihil cautum; ad septem milia sub corona veniere. se civem Hernicum dixerat seorsus in custodia habitus.
42.9. an enquiry was held as to whether they had been conscripted or had fought voluntarily for the Samnites against the Romans; after which they were parcelled out amongst the Latins to be guarded, and a resolution was passed directing the new consuls, Publius Cornelius Arvina and Quintus Marcius Tremulus —for these men had been elected —to refer the matter to the senate for fresh action.
42.9. omnes Fabius Romam ad senatum misit; et cum quaesitum esset dilectu an voluntarii pro Samnitibus adversus Romanos bellassent per Latinos populos custodiendi dantur, iussique eam earn integram rem novi consules P. Cornelius Arvina Q. Marcius Tremulus—hi enim iam creati erant—ad senatum referre.
42.11. the Hernici resented. The people of Anagnia assembled a council of all the states in the circus which they call the Maritime Circus, and all of the Hernic name, excepting the inhabitants of Aletrium, Ferentinum and Verulae, declared war on the Roman People.
42.11. aegre passi Hernici; concilium populorum omnium habentibus Anagninis in circo quem Maritimum vocant praeter Aletrinatem Ferentinatemque et Verulanum omnes Hernici nominis populo Romano bellum indixerunt. Samnio quoque, quia decesserat inde Fabius, novi motus exorti. Calatia et Sora praesidiaque quae in his Romana erant expugnata et in captivorum corpora militum foede saevitum.
43.2. Samnium, too, the departure of Fabius was the cause of fresh disturbances. Calatia and Sora with their Roman garrisons were taken by assault, and the captured soldiers were treated with shameful rigour. Publius Cornelius was dispatched in that direction with an army. The new enemies —for by this time war had been declared on the men of Anagnia and the other Hernici —were allotted to Marcius. the outset of the campaign the enemy were so successful in seizing all the strategic points between the camps of the consuls, that not even a nimble courier could get through, and for some days the consuls were kept in uncertainty regarding everything and could only speculate about one another's state. for their safety even extended to Rome, where all of military age were given the oath and two full armies were enlisted, to meet any sudden emergencies.
43.2. eo P. Cornelius cum exercitu missus; Marcio novi hostes—iam enim Anagninis Hernicisque aliis bellum iussum erat—decernuntur. ita omnia opportuna loca hostes inter consulum castra interceperunt ut pervadere expeditus nuntius non posset et per aliquot dies incerti rerum omnium suspensique de statu alterius uterque consul ageret, Romamque is metus manaret, adeo ut omnes iuniores sacramento adigerentur atque ad subita rerum duo iusti scriberentur exercitus.
43.5. the war with the Hernici by no means answered to the present panic or to the nation's old renown.
43.5. Hernicum bellum nequaquam pro praesenti terrore ac vetusta gentis gloria fuit.
43.6. ventured nothing to speak of at any point, and having lost three camps in the space of a few days they bargained for a thirty days' truce, to enable them to send envoys to the senate in Rome, and delivered up two months' pay and corn, and a tunic for every soldier.
43.6. usquam dictu dignum ausi, trinis castris intra paucos dies exuti, triginta dierum indutias ita ut ad senatum Romam legatos mitterent, pacti sunt bimestri stipendio frumentoque et singulis in militem tunicis.
43.7. The senate sent them back to Marcius, having passed a resolution empowering him to deal with the Hernici as he saw fit. received, their submission on terms of unconditional surrender. Samnium the other consul was also stronger than the enemy, but was more embarrassed by the character of the ground.
43.7. senatu ad Marcium reiecti, cui senatus consulto permissum de Hernicis erat, isque eam earn gentem in deditionem accepit.
43.8. The enemy had blockaded all the roads and seized the practicable passes, to prevent supplies being brought up anywhere. though the consul offered battle daily, he could not entice them to fight.
43.8. in Samnio alter consul superior viribus, locis impeditior erat. itinera obsaepserant hostes saltusque pervios ceperant, ne qua subvehi commeatus possent; neque eos, cum cottidie signa in aciem consul proferret, elicere ad certamen poterat;
43.9. was quite apparent that the Samnites would not accept an immediate engagement, nor the Romans endure any prolongation of the war.
43.9. satisque apparebat neque Samnitem certamen praesens nec Romanum dilationem belli laturum.
43.10. The arrival of Marcius, who, having subdued the Hernici, made haste to come to the assistance of his colleague, deprived the enemy of any power to delay the struggle.
43.10. Marci, qui Hernicis subactis maturavit collegae venire auxilio, moram certaminis hosti exemit.
43.11. since they had not considered themselves equal to a battle with even one army, and believed that, once they had suffered two consular armies to unite, there would be no hope for them, they made an attack on Marcius as he was approaching in loose marching older.
43.11. ut qui ne alteri quidem exercitui se ad certamen credidissent pares, coniungi utique passi duos consulares exercitus nihil crederent superesse spei, advenientem incomposito agmine Marcium adgrediuntur.
43.12. throwing down their packs in the midst, the Romans formed up as well as time permitted. The shouting was the first thing that was noticed in the camp of Cornelius., far off, a cloud of dust was descried, and caused a commotion in the camp.
43.12. conlatae sarcinae in medium, et prout tempus patiebatur instructa acies. primum in stativa perlatus, dein conspectus procul pulvis tumultum apud alterum consulem in castris fecit;
43.13. The consul ordered his men to arm, and leading them quickly out into line attacked the enemy in the flank, when their hands were full with another struggle, crying out that it would be a burning shame if they let the other army win both victories, and failed to claim for themselves the glory of their own campaign.
43.13. isque confestim arma capere iussis raptimque eductis in aciem militibus transversam hostium aciem atque alio certamine occupatam invadit, clamitans summum flagitium fore si alterum exercitum utriusque victoriae compotem sinerent fieri nec ad se sui belli vindicarent decus.
43.15. through at the point where he had charged, he advanced through the enemy's line, and capturing their camp, which was empty of defenders, set fire to it.
43.15. impetum dederat perrumpit aciemque per mediam in castra hostium tendit et vacua defensoribus capit atque incendit.
43.16. the soldiers of Marcius saw the blaze, and the enemy, looking over their shoulders, saw it too, the flight of the Samnites soon became general; but at every point death blocked the way, and there was no escaping anywhere.
43.16. ubi flagrantia Marcianus miles conspexit et hostes respexere, tum passim fuga coepta Samnitium fieri; sed omnia obtinet caedes, nec in ullam partem tutum perfugium est.
43.17. thousand of the enemy had already fallen, and the consuls had sounded the recall and were proceeding to assemble their forces in one body, amid the mutual congratulations and rejoicings of the men, when suddenly some new cohorts of the Samnites, which had been levied as reliefs, were made out in the distance, and occasioned a renewal of the slaughter.
43.17. triginta milibus hostium caesis signum receptui consules dederant colligebantque in unum copias in vicem inter se gratantes, cum repente visae procul hostium novae cohortes, quae in supplementum scriptae fuerant, integravere caedem.
43.18. The victors rushed upon them, without orders from the consuls or receiving any signal, exclaiming that the Samnites must begin their soldiering with a bitter lesson.
43.18. quas nec iussu consulum nec signo accepto victores vadunt, malo tirocinio imbuendum Samnitem clamitantes.
43.19. The consuls indulged the ardour of the legions, being well aware that the enemy's recruits, in the midst of routed veterans, would scarce be equal to so much as an attempt at fighting. were not mistaken.
43.19. consules legionum ardori, ut qui probe scirent novum militem hostium inter perculsos fuga veteranos ne temptando quidem satis certamini fore.
43.20. the forces of the Samnites, old and new, broke and fled to the nearest mountains, up which the Romans too advanced in pursuit of them. The conquered could find no refuge anywhere that afforded safety, but were driven pell —mell from the ridges where they had made a stand. now with one voice they all begged for peace.
43.20. eos opinio fefellit: omnes ones Samnitium copiae, veteres novaeque, montes proximos fuga capiunt. et Romana erigitur acies, nec quicquam satis tuti loci victis est, et de iugis quae ceperant funduntur; iamque una voce omnes pacem petebant.
43.21. were required to furnish corn for three months, with a year's pay and a tunic for each Roman soldier, and envoys were then dispatched to the senate to sue for terms. Cornelius was left in Samnium.
43.21. trium mensum frumento imperato et annuo stipendio ac singulis in militem tunicis ad senatum pacis oratores missi.
43.22. Marcius returned to the City, which he entered in a triumph over the Hernici. An equestrian statue in the Forum was decreed him and was erected in front of the temple of Castor.
43.22. Cornelius in Samnio relictus: Marcius de Hernicis triumphans in urbem rediit, statuaque equestris in foro decreta est, quae ante templum Castoris posita est.
43.23. the three Hernic peoples of Aletrium, Verulae, and Ferentinum their own laws were restored, because they preferred them to Roman citizenship, and they were given the right to intermarry with each other —a privilege which for some time they were the only Hernici to enjoy.
43.23. Hernicorum tribus populis, Aletrinati Verulano Ferentinati, qui id maluerunt quam civitatem,suae leges redditae, conubiumque inter ipsos, quod aliquamdiu soli Hernicorum habuerunt, permissum.
43.24. The people of Anagnia and such others as had borne arms against the Romans were admitted to citizenship without the right of voting. were prohibited from holding councils and from intermarrying, and were allowed no magistrates save those who had charge of religious rites.
43.24. Anagninis quique alii arma Romanis intulerant civitas sine suffragii latione: data concilia conubiaque adempta et magistratibus praeter quam sacrorum curatione interdictum.
43.25. the same year the censor Gaius Junius Bubulcus let the contract for the temple of Safety, which he had vowed, while consul, during the Samnite war. and his colleague, Marcus Valerius Maximus, built roads through the countryside at the public costs.
43.25. anno aedes Salutis a C. Iunio Bubulco censore locata est, quam consul bello Samnitium voverat. eodem collegaque eius M. Valerio Maximo viae per agros publica impensa factae.
43.26. this year also the treaty with the Carthaginians was renewed for the third time, and their ambassadors, who had come for the purpose of arranging it, were treated with courtesy and given presents.
43.26. cum Carthaginiensibus eodem anno foedus tertio renovatum, legatisque eorum, qui ad id venerant, comiter munera missa. idem annus habuit P. Cornelium Scipionem cum magistro equitum P. Decio Mure.
44.2. The same year had a dictator in the person of Publius Cornelius Scipio, the master of the horse being Publius Decius Mus. These men held a consular election —for to this end they had been appointed, since neither consul had been able to leave the seat of war.
44.2. his, propter quae creati erant, comitia consularia habita, quia neuter consulum potuerat bello abesse.
44.3. The consuls chosen were Lucius Postumius and Tiberius Minucius. Piso makes these men follow Quintus Fabius and Publius Decius, omitting the two years in which we have placed the consulship of Claudius and Volumnius and that of Cornelius and Marcius.
44.3. consules L. Postumius Ti. Minucius. consules Piso Q. Fabio et P. Decio suggerit biennio exempto quo Claudium Volumniumque et Cornelium cum Marcio consules factos tradidimus.
44.4. in the redaction of his annals he forgot them, or omitted two sets of consuls purposely, as not authentic, is uncertain.
44.4. fugerit in annalibus digerendis, an consulto binos consules, falsos ratus, transcendent, incertum est.
44.5. that year also the Samnites made forays upon the Campus Stellatis in Campania.
44.5. anno in campum Stellatem agri Campani Samnitium incursiones factae.
44.6. consuls were accordingly dispatched into Samnium in different directions, Postumius marching on Tifernum, and Minucius on Bovianum. The fighting began at Tifernum, where Postumius commanded. relate that the Samnites were decisively beaten and that twenty thousand prisoners were taken;
44.6. ambo consules in Samnium missi cum diversas regiones, Tifernum Postumius Bovianum Minucius petisset, Postumi prius ductu ad Tifernum pugnatum. haud dubie Samnites victos ac viginti milia hominum capta tradunt, alii Marte aequo discessum et Postumium metum simulantem nocturno itinere clam in montes copias abduxisse, hostes secutos duo milia inde locis munitis et ipsos consedisse.
44.8. others that the armies quitted the field on even terms, and that Postumius, feigning fear, in the night withdrew his forces secretly to the mountains, where the enemy followed him and themselves entrenched a camp, at a distance of two miles from his. The consul, that it might appear to have been his object to gain a position at once secure and abounding in supplies, — and such indeed it was —having fortified his camp and equipped it with all manner of useful things, left in it a strong garrison, and in the third watch led his legions in light marching order by the most direct route to his colleague, who likewise lay in camp, facing another army.
44.8. Consul ut stativa tuta copiosaque—et ita erant— petisse videretur, postquam et munimentis castra firmavit et omni apparatu rerum utilium instruxit, relicto firmo praesidio de vigilia tertia, qua duci proxime potest, expeditas legiones ad collegam, et ipsum adversus alios sedentem, ducit. auctore Postumio Minucius cum hostibus signa confert, et, cum anceps proelium in multum diei processisset, tum Postumius integris legionibus defessam iam aciem hostium improviso invadit.
44.11. , at the instigation of Postumius, Minucius gave battle to the enemy; and when the doubtful struggle had been prolonged until late in the afternoon, Postumius with his fresh legions fell unexpectedly upon the now jaded forces of their opponents.
44.11. cum lassitudo ac volnera fugam quoque praepedissent, occidione occisi hostes, signa unum et viginti capta atque inde ad castra Postumi perrectum.
44.12. The Samnites, debarred by their weariness and wounds even from flight, were utterly annihilated, and the Romans, having taken twenty —one standards, set out for the camp of Postumius.
44.12. duo victores exercitus perculsum iam fama hostem adorti fundunt fugantque; signa militaria sex et viginti capta et imperator Samnitium Statius Gellius multique alii mortales et castra utraque capta.
44.13. the two victorious armies assailed the enemy, already dismayed by the tidings of the other battle, and overwhelmingly routed them, capturing six —and —twenty standards, the commander of the Samnites —Statius Gellius —and many other prisoners, besides both camps.
44.13. Bovianum urbs postero die coepta oppugnari brevi capitur, magnaque gloria rerum gestarum consules triumpharunt.
44.14. the following day they began the siege of the city of Bovianum, and on its capture, which quickly ensued, the consuls crowned their glorious achievements with a triumph.
44.14. Minucium consulem, cum volnere gravi relatum in castra, mortuum quidam auctores sunt, et M. Fulvium in locum eius consulem suffectum, et ab eo, cum ad exercitum Minuci missus esset, Bovianum captum.
44.15. writers state that Minucius the consul was severely wounded and expired after being carried back to his camp. add that Marcus Fulvius was made consul suffect in his place, and that it was he who, being sent out to the army of Minucius, captured Bovianum. that year Sora, Arpinum, and Cesennia were won back from the Samnites. The great statue of Hercules was set up and dedicated on the Capitol.
44.15. anno Sora Arpinum Cesennia recepta ab Samnitibus. Herculis magnum simulacrum in Capitolio positum dedicatumque. P. Sulpicio Saverrione P. Sempronio Sopho consulibus Samnites, seu finem seu dilationem belli quaerentes, legatos de pace Romam Roman misere.
45.2. the consulship of Publius Sulpicius Saverrio and Publius Sempronius Sophus, the Samnites, whether seeking to end or only to postpone hostilities, sent envoys to Rome to treat for peace. their humble supplications the answer was returned, that if the Samnites had not frequently sought peace while preparing for war, a treaty could have been arranged by mutual discussion: as it was, since words had hitherto proved of no effect, the Romans must needs take their stand on facts.
45.2. suppliciter agentibus responsum est, nisi saepe bellum parantes pacem petissent Samnites, oratione ultro citro habita de pace transigi potuisse; nunc, quando verba vana ad id locorum fuerint, rebus standum esse.
45.3. Publius Sempronius, the consul, would shortly be in Samnium with an army; he was one whom they would be unable to deceive as to whether their hearts inclined to peace or war; after a thorough investigation he would report his findings to the senate; and on his leaving Samnium their envoys might attend him.
45.3. P. Sempronium consulem cum exercitu brevi in Samnio fore; eum, ad bellum pacemne inclinent animi, falli non posse; comperta omnia senatui relaturum; decedentem ex Samnio consulem legati sequerentur.
45.4. The Roman army marched all over Samnium; the people were peaceable and furnished the army liberally with supplies; accordingly their ancient treaty was in that year restored again to the Samnites.
45.4. anno cum pacatum Samnium exercitus Romanus benigne praebito commeatu peragrasset, foedus antiquum Samnitibus redditum.
45.5. The arms of Rome were then directed against the Aequi, who had been her enemies of old, but for many years past had remained quiet, under colour of a peace which they observed but treacherously.
45.5. Aequos inde, veteres hostes, ceterum per multos annos sub specie infidae pacis quietos, versa arma Romana, quod incolumi Hernico nomine missitaverant simul cum iis Samniti auxilia et post Hernicos subactos universa prope gens sine dissimulatione consilii publici ad hostes desciverat;
45.6. The reason for making war on them was as follows: before the overthrow of the Hernici they had repeatedly joined with them in sending assistance to the Samnites, and after the subjugation of the Hernici, almost the entire nation had gone over to the enemy, without attempting to disguise their policy;
45.6. et postquam icto Romae cum Samnitibus foedere fetiales venerant res repetitum, temptationem aiebant esse ut terrore incusso belli Romanos se fieri paterentur;
45.7. and when fetials had applied to them for reparation, after the adoption of the Samnite treaty at Rome, they had persistently asserted that the Romans were attempting under threats of war to intimidate them into becoming Roman citizens; and how little that was a thing to be desired had been shown, they said, by the Hernici, since those who had been permitted to do so had chosen their own laws in preference to Roman citizenship, while those who had not been given an option were to have citizenship thrust upon them as a punishment.
45.7. quod quanto opere optandum foret Hernicos docuisse, cum quibus licuerit suas leges Romanae civitati praeoptaverint: quibus legendi quid mallent copia non fuerit pro poena necessariam civitatem fore. haec volgo in conciliis iactata populus Romanus bellum fieri Aequis iussit;
45.9. of such expressions, publicly uttered in their assemblies, the Roman People decreed that war should be made upon the Aequi.
45.9. consulesque ambo ad novum profecti bellum quattuor milia a castris hostium consederunt.
45.10. consuls set out for the new seat of operations, and took up a position four miles from the enemy's camp.
45.10. Aequorum exercitus, ut qui suo nomine permultos annos imbelles egissent, tumultuario similis, sine ducibus certis, sine imperio, trepidare.
45.11. The army of the Aequi, who for many years had made no war on their own account, like a hastily levied militia, under no definite commanders and subject to no supreme authority, were in a state of panic. were for offering battle, others for defending the camp.
45.11. exeundum in aciem, alii castra tuenda censent; movet plerosque vastatio futura agrorum ac deinceps cum levibus praesidiis urbium relictarum excidia.
45.12. The consideration that affected most of them was the devastation which their farms would suffer and the subsequent destruction of their cities, which they had left inadequately garrisoned. so when a proposal was heard —amongst many others —which disregarded the common welfare and made every one think of his own interest, to wit, that in the first watch they should leave the camp, and going their several ways, carry off all their possessions from the fields and defend their cities by means of their walls, they all with loud acclaim adopted it.
45.12. postquam inter multas sententias una, quae omissa cura communium ad respectum suarum quemque rerum vertit, est audita, ut prima vigilia diversi e castris ad deportanda omnia tuendasque moenibus urbes abirent, cuncti eam sententiam ingenti adsensu accepere.
45.14. The enemy were scattered over the countryside when at break of day the Romans came out and formed in order of battle, and encountering nobody, advanced at a quick pace towards the Aequian camp.
45.14. hostibus per agros prima luce Romani signis prolatis in acie consistunt, et ubi nemo obvius ibat, pleno gradu ad castra hostium tendunt.
45.15. not perceiving any outposts before the gates or anybody on the rampart, and missing the usual noises of a camp, they were troubled by the unaccustomed silence, and apprehending an ambush, halted., when they had scaled the rampart and found everything deserted, they attempted to follow the enemy by his tracks; but the tracks, which led in all directions —as they would when an army had dispersed —at first
45.15. postquam ibi neque stationes pro portis nec quemquam in vallo nec fremitum consuetum castrorum animadverterunt, insolito silentio moti metu insidiarum subsistunt. deinde vallum cum deserta omnia invenissent, pergunt hostem vestigiis sequi. vestigia in omnes aeque ferentia partes, ut in dilapsis passim, primo errorem faciebant;
45.17. bewildered them. they found out through their scouts what the enemy designed to do; and attacking his cities in succession, one after another, they captured thirty —one of them within fifty days, in every instance by assault. these the greater number were dismantled and burnt, and the Aequian name was almost blotted out.
45.17. post per exploratores compertis hostium consiliis ad singulas urbes circumferendo bello unum et triginta oppida intra dies quinquaginta, omnia oppugnando, ceperunt, quorum pleraque diruta atque incensa, nomenque Aequorum prope ad internecionem deletum.
45.18. triumph was celebrated over the Aequi; and warned by the example of their downfall, the Marrucini, Marsi, Paeligni, and Frentani sent ambassadors to Rome to sue for peace and friendship. These nations, at their request, were granted a treaty of alliance.
45.18. Aequis triumphatum; exemploque eorum clades fuit, ut Marrucini Marsi Paeligni Frentani mitterent Romam oratores pacis petendae amicitiaeque. populis foedus petentibus datum. anno Cn. Flavius Cn. filius scriba, patre libertino humili fortuna ortus, ceterum callidus vir et facundus, aedilis curulis fuit.
46.2. the same year a government clerk, Gnaeus Flavius, the son of Gnaeus, was curule aedile. in humble circumstances —his father being a freedman —he was, for the rest, a man of shrewdness and eloquence. find in certain annals that being in attendance upon the aediles, and perceiving that the tribes were supporting him for aedile, but that his name was thrown out because he was acting as a recorder, he put away his tablet and took an oath that he would keep no record.
46.2. in quibusdam annalibus, cum appareret aedilibus fierique se pro tribu aedilem videret neque accipi nomen quia scriptum faceret, tabulam posuisse et iurasse se scriptum non facturum;
46.3. Licinius Macer alleges that he had ceased some time before to act as secretary, having been already a tribune, and on two occasions a triumvir, once on the commission which had charge of the night —watch, and again on one appointed to found a colony.
46.3. quem aliquanto ante desisse scriptum facere arguit Macer Licinius tribunatu ante gesto triumviratibusque, nocturno altero, altero coloniae deducendae.
46.4. all events there is no difference of opinion about the stubbornness of his contention with the nobles, who despised his lowly birth.
46.4. , id quod haud discrepat, contumacia adversus contemnentes humilitatem suam nobiles certavit;
46.5. published the formulae of the civil law, which had been filed away in the secret archives of the pontiffs, and posted up the calendar on white notice —boards about the Forum, that men might know when they could bring an action.
46.5. civile ius, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evolgavit fastosque circa forum in albo proposuit, ut quando lege agi posset sciretur;
46.6. dedicated a temple of Concord in the precinct of Vulcan, greatly to the resentment of the nobles; and Cornelius Barbatus, the chief pontiff, was forced by the unanimous wishes of the people to dictate the form of words to him, though he asserted that by custom of the elders none but a consul or commanding general might dedicate a temple.
46.6. aedem Concordiae in area Volcani summa invidia nobilium dedicavit; coactusque consensu populi Cornelius Barbatus pontifex maximus verba praeire, cum more maiorum negaret nisi consulem aut imperatorem posse templum dedicare. ex auctoritate senatus latum ad populum est ne quis templum aramve iniussu senatus aut tribunorum plebei partis maioris dedicaret.
46.8. , in accordance with a senatorial resolution, a measure was enacted by the people providing that no one should dedicate a temple or an altar without the authorization of the senate or a majority of the tribunes of the plebs. —I will relate an incident, of no importance in itself, which may serve to show how the plebs asserted their liberties against the arrogance of the nobles. Flavius had come to make a call upon a colleague who was sick, and the young nobles who were sitting by his bed with one consent omitted to rise on his entering; whereupon he ordered his curule chair to be fetched in, and from his official seat gazed at his adversaries, who were choking with resentment.
46.8. memorabilem rem per se, nisi documentum sit adversus superbiam nobilium plebeiae libertatis, referam. collegam aegrum visendi causa Flavius cum venisset consensuque nobilium adulescentium, qui ibi adsidebant, adsurrectum ei non esset, curulem adferri sellam eo iussit ac de sede honoris sui anxios invidia inimicos spectavit.
46.10. Flavius had been elected aedile by the faction of the market —place, which had become powerful in consequence of the censorship of Appius Claudius. Claudius had been the first to debase the senate by the appointment of the sons of freedmen, and afterwards, when no one allowed the validity of his selection, and he had failed to gain the influence in the senate —house which had been his object, he had distributed the humble denizens of the City amongst all the tribes, and had thus corrupted the Forum and the Campus Martius.
46.10. Flavium dixerat aedilem forensis factio, Ap. Claudi censura vires nacta, qui senatum primus libertinorum filiis lectis inquinaverat, et posteaquam eam earn lectionem nemo ratam habuit nec in curia adeptus erat quas petierat opes, urbanis humilibus per omnes tribus divisis forum et campum corrupit.
46.12. so great was the indignation over the election of Flavius that many of the nobles laid aside their golden rings and medals.
46.12. Flavi comitia indignitatis habuerunt ut plerique nobilium anulos aureos et phaleras deponerent.
46.13. that time the citizens were divided into two parties; the men of integrity, who favoured and cherished right principles, tended one way, the rabble of the marketplace another; until Quintus Fabius and Publius Decius became censors, and Fabius, partly for the sake of harmony, partly that the elections might not be in the hands of the basest of the people, culled out all the market —place mob and cast them into four tribes, to which he gave the name of Urban. The arrangement, they say, was so gratefully received, that by this regulation of the orders he purchased the surname of the Great, which not all his victories had been able to procure him. was Fabius too, so it is said, who instituted the parade of the knights on the fifteenth of July.
46.13. eo tempore in duas partes discessit civitas: aliud integer populus, fautor et cultor bonorum, aliud forensis factio tendebat, donec Q. Fabius et P. Decius censores facti, et Fabius simul concordiae causa, simul ne humillimorum in manu comitia essent, omnem forensem turbam excretam in quattuor tribus coniecit urbanasque eas appellavit. eam earn rem acceptam gratis animis ferunt ut Maximi cognomen, quod tot victoriis non pepererat, hac ordinum temperatione pareret. eodem institutum dicitur ut equites idibus Quinctilibus transveherentur. L. Genucio Ser. Cornelio consulibus ab externis ferme bellis otium fuit. Soram atque Albam coloniae deductae. Albam in Aequos sex milia colonorum scripta: