10.11. Thence he wrote to his colleague to issue an edict that such portion of the new troops as had been enlisted for the province of Histria should assemble at Aquileia, lest anything delay him at Rome from announcing his vows and setting out from the City in uniform. This was done by his colleague as he requested, and an early date for the muster was proclaimed.
10.11. inde collegae scripsit, ut militum novorum ei parti, quae scripta in Histriam provinciam esset, ediceret, Aquileiam ut conveniret, ne quid se Romae teneret, quo minus votis nuncupatis paludatus ab urbe exiret.
10.12. Claudius almost overtook his own letter. On his arrival he delivered a speech on the conduct of Manlius and Junius, and after tarrying not more than three days at Rome, with his lictors in uniform and having proclaimed his vows on the Capitoline, he went off to his province with the same headlong speed as before.
10.12. haec a collega obsequenter facta, brevisque dies ad conveniendum edicta est. Claudius prope consecutus est litteras suas. contione adveniens de Manlio et Iunio habita, non ultra triduum moratus Romae, paludatis lictoribus votisque in Capitolio nuncupatis, in provinciam aeque ac prius praecipiti celeritate abit.
11.1. A few days before this Junius and Manlius had begun to assault with all their might the town of Nesattium, to which the leading men of the Histrians and even their chieftain Aepulo had withdrawn.
11.1. paucis ante diebus Iunius Manliusque oppidum Nesactium, quo se principes Histrorum et regulus ipse Aepulo receperat, summa vi oppugnare coeperant.
11.2. There Claudius, bringing up the two new legions and sending away the old army with its commanders, himself invested the town and prosecuted the siege with sheds; and a river which flowed past the walls and was both a hindrance to the besiegers and a water-supply to the Histrians, after many days' toil he diverted and led off by a new channel.
11.2. eo Claudius duabus legionibus novis adductis, vetere exercitu cum suis ducibus dimisso, ipse oppidum circumsedit et vineis oppugnare intendit amnemque praeterfluentem moenia, qui et inpedimento oppugnantibus erat et aquationem Histris praebebat, multorum dierum opere exceptum novo alveo avertit.
11.4. This act, by its miraculous cutting off of the water, terrified the barbarians; but, with no thought of peace even then, turning to the slaughter of their wives and children, in order that so horrible a deed might be in full view of the enemy also, they openly slew them on the walls and cast their bodies down.
11.4. ea res barbaros miraculo terruit abscisae aquae; et ne tum quidem memores pacis, in caedem coniugum ac liberorum versi, etiam ut spectaculo hostibus tam foedum facinus esset, palam in muris trucidatos praecipitabant.
11.5. In the midst of the simultaneous wailing of women and children and the dreadful slaughter, the soldiers scaled the wall and entered the town.
11.5. inter simul conplorationem feminarum puerorumque, simul nefandam caedem, milites transgressi murum oppidum intrarunt.
11.6. When the chief heard the din of its capture from the terrified cries of the fugitives, he stabbed himself with his sword, so as not to be taken alive;
11.6. cuius capti tumultum ubi ex pavido clamore fugientium accepit rex, traiecit ferro pectus, ne vivus caperetur;
11.7. the rest were captured or killed. Next two towns, Mutila and Faveria, were taken by storm and destroyed.
11.7. ceteri capti aut occisi. duo deinde oppida, Mutila et Faveria, vi capta et deleta.
11.8. The booty, considering the poverty of the people, was greater than they had hoped, and all of it was given to the soldiers. Five thousand six hundred and thirty-two captives were sold at auction. The persons responsible for the war were scourged and beheaded.
11.8. praeda, ut in gente inopi, spe maior fuit, et omnis militibus concessa est. quinque milia capitum sescenta triginta duo sub corona venierunt.
11.9. All Histria, through the destruction of three towns and the death of its king, was pacified; and all the surrounding tribes gave hostages and surrendered.
11.9. auctores belli virgis caesi et securi percussi. Histria tota trium oppidorum excidio et morte regis pacata est, omnesque undique populi obsidibus datis in dicionem venerunt.
11.10. Toward the end of the Histrian war the Ligurians began to hold councils regarding war.
11.10. sub Histrici finem belli apud Ligures concilia de bello haberi coepta.
12.1. Tiberius Claudius the proconsul, who had been praetor the preceding year, was in command at Pisa with a garrison of one legion.
12.1. Ti. Claudius proconsul, qui praetor priore anno fuerat, cum praesidio legionis unius Pisis praeerat.
12.2. The senate, informed by his dispatches, voted that these same dispatches should be forwarded to Gaius Claudius —for by now the other consul had crossed to Sardinia —and added a decree that, since the province of Histria had been subdued, he should, if it seemed wise to him, lead the army against the Ligurians.
12.2. cuius litteris senatus certior factus, eas ipsas litteras ad C. Claudium — nam alter consul iam in Sardiniam traiecerat — deferendas censet et adicit decretum, quoniam Histria provincia confecta esset, si ei videretur, exercitum traduceret in Ligures.
12.4. At the same time, in consequence of the dispatches of the consul, which he had written regarding events in Histria, a thanksgiving for two days was decreed. The other consul, Tiberius Sempronius, also conducted in Sardinia a successful campaign. He led the army into the country of the Sardinian Ilienses.
12.4. simul ex litteris consulis, quas de rebus in Histria gestis scripserat, in biduum supplicatio decreta. et ab altero consule Ti. Sempronio in Sardinia prospere res gesta.
12.5. Strong reinforcements of the Balari had come to the Ilienses; he fought in pitched battle with both tribes. The enemy was repulsed and routed and stripped of his camp; twelve thousand armed men were slain.
12.5. exercitum in agrum Sardorum Iliensium induxit. Balarorum magna auxilia Iliensibus venerant; cum utraque gente signis conlatis conflixit. fusi fugatique hostes castrisque exuti, duodecim milia armatorum caesa.
12.6. The next day the consul ordered the weapons to be collected, heaped up in a pile and burned as an offering to Vulcan. He led the conquering army back into winter quarters in allied cities.
12.6. postero die arma lecta conici in acervum iussit consul, sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit.
12.7. And Gaius Claudius, on receipt of the letter of Tiberius Claudius and the decree of the senate, led the legions over from Histria against the Ligurians.
12.7. victorem exercitum in hiberna sociarum urbium reduxit. et C. Claudius litteris Ti. Claudi et senatus consulto accepto ex Histria legiones in Ligures transduxit.
12.8. The enemy had advanced into the plains and encamped near the river Scultenna, and there he fought them in line of battle. Fifteen thousand were killed, more than seven hundred captured, either in the battle or in the camp —for it too was taken —and fifty-one military standards.
12.8. ad Scultennam flumen in campos progressi castra habebant hostes. ibi cum iis acie dimicatum. quindecim milia caesa, plus septingenti aut in proelio aut in castris — nam ea quoque expugnata sunt — capti et signa militaria unum et quinquaginta capta.
12.9. The Ligurians, the remnants left by the slaughter, fled to the mountains, and no armed force showed itself to the consul anywhere as he ravaged the farms in the plains far and wide.
12.9. Ligures, reliquiae caedis, in montes refugerunt passim, populantique campestris agros consuli nulla usquam apparuerunt arma.
12.10. Claudius, victorious over two peoples in one year, and having pacified two provinces in his consulship, a thing which had rarely happened, returned to Rome.
12.10. Claudius duarum gentium uno anno victor, duabus, quod raro alius, in consulatu, perdomitis pacatisque provinciis Romam revertit.
13.1. Prodigies were reported that year: in the territory of Crustumerium they say that a bird, called sanqualis cut a sacred stone with its beak, that in Campania a cow spoke, that at Syracuse a brazen heifer was approached and mounted by a wild bull which had strayed from its herd.
13.1. prodigia eo anno nuntiata, in Crustumino avem sanqualem, quam vocant, sacrum lapidem rostro cecidisse, bovem in Campania locutam, vaccam aeneam Syracusis ab agresti tauro, qui pecore aberrasset, initam ac semine aspersam.
13.3. In the territory of Crustumerium a day of prayer was held on the actual spot, and in Campania the cow was consigned to maintenance at the expense of the state.
13.3. in Crustumino diem unum in ipso loco supplicatio fuit et in Campania bos alenda publice data Syracusanumque prodigium expiatum editis ab haruspicibus dis, quibus supplicaretur.
13.4. Atonement was made for the prodigy at Syracuse, the gods to whom supplication should be made having been announced by the haruspices. That year occurred the death of the pontiff Marcus Claudius Marcellus, who had been consul and censor. In his place was substituted in the priesthood his son Marcus Marcellus. Also in that year a colony of two thousand Roman citizens was established at Luna.
13.4. pontifex eo anno mortuus est M. Claudius Marcellus, qui consul censorque fuerat. in eius locum suffectus est pontifex filius eius M. Marcellus. et Lunam colonia eodem anno duo milia civium Romanorum sunt deducta.
13.5. The board of three which established it consisted of Publius Aelius, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Gnaeus Sicinius; the allotment to each colonist was fifty-one and one half iugera. The land had been taken from the Ligurians; it had belonged to the Etruscans before the Ligurians.
13.5. triumviri deduxerunt P. Aelius, M. Aemilius Lepidus, Cn. Sicinius; quinquagena et singula iugera et semisses agri in singulos dati sunt. de Liguribus captus ager erat; Etruscorum ante anta quam Ligurum fuerat.
13.6. Gaius Claudius the consul came to the City: when he had given an account in the senate of his successful operations in Histria and among the Ligurians, on his request a triumph was decreed.
13.6. C. Claudius consul ad urbem venit; cui, cum in senatu de rebus in Histria Liguribusque prospere gestis disseruisset, postulanti triumphus est decretus, triumphavit in magistratu de duabus simul gentibus.
13.7. He triumphed during his term of office over two peoples at once. He carried in procession in his triumph three hundred and seven thousand denarii, eighty-five thousand seven hundred and two victoriati. Each of the infantry received fifteen denarii, the centurions twice, the cavalry each thrice that sum. To the allies a half less was given than to the citizens.
13.7. tulit in eo triumpho denarium trecenta septem milia et victoriatum octoginta quinque milia septingentos duos. militibus in singulos quini deni denarii dati, duplex centurioni, triplex equiti.
13.8. And so they followed the car in silence, so that you could perceive that they were angry.
13.8. sociis dimidio minus quam civibus datum. itaque taciti, ut iratos esse sentires, secuti sunt currum.
14.1. While this triumph over the Ligurians was being celebrated, when the Ligurians perceived that not only had the consular army been taken away to Rome, but even the legion sent back from Pisa by Tiberius Claudius, being now freed from fear, secretly mustering an army they crossed the mountains by side roads and came down into the plains, and after devastating the lands around Mutina captured the colony itself by a surprise attack.
14.1. Cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures, postquam senserunt non consularem tantum exercitum Romam abductum, sed legionem ab Ti. Claudio Pisis dimissam, soluti metu, clam exercitu indicto, per transversos limites superatis montibus in campos degressi, agrum Mutinensem populati, repentino impetu coloniam ipsam ceperunt.
14.3. When this was reported at Rome, the senate instructed the consul Gaius Claudius to hold the elections at the earliest possible moment, and after choosing the magistrates for the year to return to the province and rescue the colony from the enemy.
14.3. id ubi Romam adlatum est, senatus C. Claudium consulem comitia primo quoque tempore habere iussit creatisque in annum magistratibus in provinciam redire et coloniam ex hostibus eripere.
14.4. The elections were held as the senate had decreed. The consuls chosen were Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Hispallus and Quintus Petilius Spurinus.
14.4. ita, uti censuit senatus, comitia habita. consules creati Cn. Cornelius Scipio Hispallus Q. Petilius Spurinus.
14.5. Next the praetors were elected, Marcus Popilius Laenas, Publius Licinius Crassus, Marcus Cornelius Scipio, Lucius Papirius Maso, Marcus Aburius, Lucius Aquilius Gallus. The imperium of Gaius Claudius the consul, together with his assignment to Gaul, was extended for a year;
14.5. praetores inde facti M. Popilius Laenas P. Licinius Crassus M. Cornelius Scipio L. Papirius Maso M. Aburius L. Aquilius Gallus.
14.6. he was also instructed, in order to prevent the Histrians from doing the same thing that the Ligurians had done, to send to Histria the allies of the Latin confederacy whom he had withdrawn from the province by reason of his triumph.
14.6. C. Claudio consuli prorogatum in annum imperium et Gallia provincia; et ne Histri idem, quod et Ligures, facerent, socios nominis Latini in Histriam mitteret, quos triumphi causa de provincia deduxisset.
14.7. The consuls, Gnaeus Cornelius and Quintus Petilius, on the day of their inauguration, sacrificed each an ox to Jupiter, as is usual, but in the victim which Quintus Petilius sacrificed no head to the liver was found. When this was announced to the senate he was instructed to continue sacrificing cattle until a favourable omen was secured.
14.7. Cn. Cornelio et Q. Petilio consulibus, quo die magistratum inierunt, immolantibus Iovi singulis bubus, uti solet, in ea hostia, qua Q. Petilius sacrificavit, in iocinere caput non inventum. id cum ad senatum rettulisset, bove perlitare iussus.
14.8. The senate next, when consulted about the provinces, decreed Pisa and the Ligurians as provinces for the consuls; the consul to whom Pisa should have fallen as a province was ordered to return for the elections on the arrival of the time of choosing magistrates.
14.8. de provinciis deinde consultus senatus Pisas et Ligures provincias consulibus decrevit; cui Pisae provincia obvenisset, cum magistratuum creandorum tempus esset, ad comitia reverti iussit.
14.10. It was added to the decree that they should each enroll two new legions and three hundred cavalry; and that each should call upon the allies of the Latin confederacy for ten thousand infantry and six hundred cavalry.
14.10. additum decreto, ut binas legiones novas scriberent et trecenos equites, et dena milia peditum sociis nominique Latino et sescenos imperarent equites.
14.11. The imperium of Tiberius Claudius was extended until such time as the consul should have come to the province.
14.11. Ti. Claudio prorogatum est imperium in id tempus, quo in provinciam consul venisset.
15.1. While these matters were being discussed in the senate, Gnaeus Cornelius, summoned by a messenger, left the senate-house, and shortly afterward returned with a troubled expression and reported to the Conscript Fathers that the liver of a sescenaris ox which he had sacrificed had melted away.
15.1. dum de iis rebus in senatu agitur, Cn. Cornelius evocatus a viatore, cum templo egressus esset, paulo post redit confuso vultu et exposuit patribus conscriptis bovis sescenaris, quem inmolavisset, iecur defluxisse.
15.2. He added that, scarcely believing the man in charge of the victims when he reported this, he had himself directed that the water be poured out of the kettle in which the entrails were being boiled and had seen all the rest of the entrails complete, but the whole liver had been consumed by an indescribable wasting.
15.2. id se victimario nuntianti parum credentem ipsum aquam effundi ex olla, ubi exta coquerentur, iussisse et vidisse ceteram integram partem extorum, iecur omne inenarrabili tabe absumptum.
15.3. To the Fathers, already terrified by this portent, the other consul brought additional anxiety by reporting that he had failed to obtain a favourable omen after sacrificing three cattle, as the head of the liver had been missing.
15.3. territis eo prodigio patribus, et alter consul curam adiecit, qui se, quod caput iocineri defuisset, tribus bubus perlitasse negavit.
15.4. The senate directed him to continue sacrificing full-grown victims until he received a favorable omen. They say that in the case of the other gods they were obtained; to Salus, they say, Petilius could find no good omen.
15.4. senatus maioribus hostiis usque ad litationem sacrificari iussit. ceteris diis perlitatum ferunt, Saluti Petilium perlitasse negant. inde consules praetoresque provincias sortiti. Pisae Cn. Cornelio, Ligures Petilio obvenerunt.
15.5. Then the consuls and praetors drew lots for their provinces. Pisa fell to Gnaeus Cornelius in the drawing, the Ligurians to Quintus Petilius. Of the praetors, Lucius Papirius Maso gained by lot the civil jurisdiction; Marcus Aburius that between citizens and aliens.
15.5. praetores L. Papirius Maso urbanam, M. Aburius inter peregrinos sortiti sunt. M. Cornelius Scipio Maluginensis Hispaniam ulteriorem, L. Aquilius Gallus Siciliam habuit.
15.6. Marcus Cornelius Scipio Maluginensis had Farther Spain and Lucius Aquilius Gallus Sicily. Two asked to be excused from going to their provinces, Marcus Popilius to Sardinia: Gracchus, he said, was pacifying that province;
15.6. duo deprecati sunt, ne in provincias irent, M. Popilius in Sardiniam: Gracchum eam provinciam pacare, ei T. Aebutium praetorem adiutorem ab senatu datum esse.
15.7. the praetor Titus Aebutius had been assigned him as an assistant by the senate.
15.7. interrumpi tenorem rerum, in quibus peragendis continuatio ipsa efficacissima esset, minime convenire;
15.8. That the regular course of business should be interrupted, in the completion of which mere continuity was most effective, was by no means expedient; during a transfer of command and the novitiate of the successor, which had to be devoted to learning things rather than doing them, opportunities for successful operations were often lost.
15.8. inter traditionem imperii novitatemque successoris, quae noscendis prius quam agendis rebus inbuenda sit, saepe bene gerendae rei occasiones intercidere.
15.9. The plea of Popilius was accepted. Publius Licinius Crassus alleged that he was hindered by obligatory sacrifices from going to his province; Nearer Spain had fallen to his lot. But he was ordered either to go or to take oath before the assembly that he was prevented by an obligatory sacrifice. When this had been approved in the case of Publius Licinius, Marcus Cornelius also demanded that they should accept his oath, as an excuse for not going to Farther Spain. Both praetors swore in the same formula.
15.9. probata Popilli excusatio est. P. Licinius Crassus sacrificiis se impediri sollemnibus excusabat, ne in provinciam iret. citerior Hispania obvenerat. ceterum aut ire iussus aut iurare pro contione sollemni sacrificio se prohiberi. id ubi in P. Licinio ita statutum est, et ab se uti ius iurandum acciperent M. Cornelius postulavit, ne in Hispaniam ulteriorem iret.
15.11. Marcus Titinius and Titus Fonteius the proconsuls were instructed to remain in Spain with the same prerogative of command; it was also ordered that as reinforcements for them three thousand Roman citizens and two hundred cavalry, five thousand infantry and three hundred cavalry of the allies of the Latin confederacy should be sent.
15.11. praetores ambo in eadem verba iurarunt. M. Titinius et T. Fonteius proconsules manere cum eodem imperii iure in Hispania iussi, et ut in supplementum his tria milia civium Romanorum cum equitibus ducentis, quinque milia socium Latini nominis et trecenti equites mitterentur.
16.1. The Latin festival was held on the third day before the Nones of May, and a religious scruple arose because at the sacrifice of one victim the magistrate of Lanuvium had not prayed for the Roman people, the Quirites.
16.1. Latinae feriae fuere ante diem tertium nonas Maias, in quibus quia in una hostia magistratus Lanuvinus precatus non erat populo Romano Quiritium, religioni fuit.
16.2. When this was reported to the senate and the senate had referred the question to the college of pontiffs, the decree of the pontiffs was that the Latin festival should be repeated, since it had not been correctly performed, and that the people of Lanuvium, to whom was due the necessity of the repetition, should furnish the victims.
16.2. id cum ad senatum relatum esset senatusque ad pontificum collegium reiecisset, pontificibus, quia non recte factae Latinae essent, instauratis Latinis placuit Lanuvinos, quorum opera instauratae essent, hostias praebere.
16.3. Their religious fear was increased by the fact that Gnaeus Cornelius the consul fell on his return from the Alban Mount, and, paralyzed in some of his limbs, set out for Aquae Cumanae and, his illness growing more severe, died at Cumae.
16.3. accesserat ad religionem, quod Cn. Cornelius consul ex monte Albano rediens concidit et parte membrorum captus, ad Aquas Cumanas profectus ingravescente morbo Cumis decessit.
16.4. But after his death he was removed to Rome and was carried out and buried with an elaborate funeral. He was, in addition to being consul, a pontiff.
16.4. sed inde mortuus Romam adlatus et funere magnifico elatus sepultusque est.
16.5. The consul Quintus Petilius, as soon as the auspices permitted, was ordered to hold an election to choose his colleague and to proclaim the Latin festival; the election he declared for the third day before the Nones of August, the festival for the third day before the Ides of August.
16.5. pontifex idem fuerat. consul Q. Petilius cum primum per auspicia posset, collegae subrogando comitia habere iussus et Latinas edicere. comitia in ante diem tertium nonas Sextiles, Latinas in ante diem tertium idus Sextiles edixit.
16.6. At a time when men's minds were already filled with religious fears, to add to them prodigies were reported: at Tusculum, a firebrand was seen in the sky, and at Gabii the temple of Apollo and numerous private houses, at Gravisca the wall and gate, were struck by lightning. The Fathers ordered expiation for these, in a manner to be prescribed by the pontiffs.
16.6. plenis religionum animis prodigia insuper nuntiata, Tusculi facem in caelo visam, Gabiis aedem Apollinis et privata aedificia conplura, Graviscis murum portamque de caelo tacta. ea patres procurari, uti pontifices censuissent, iusserunt.
16.7. While the two consuls were delayed first by religious observances, then one consul by the death of the other and the election and the repetition of the Latin festival, in the meantime Gaius Claudius led the army toward Mutina, which the Ligurians had captured the year before.
16.7. dum consules primum religiones, deinde alterum alterius mors et comitia et Latinarum instauratio inpediunt, interim C. Claudius exercitum ad Mutinam, quam Ligures priore anno ceperant, admovit.
16.8. Within three days from the beginning of the siege he recovered it and restored it to the colonists. Eight thousand of the Ligurians perished there within the walls;
16.8. intra triduum quam oppugnare coeperat, receptam ex hostibus colonis restituit. octo milia ibi Ligurum intra muros caesa;
16.9. and dispatches were at once sent to Rome, in which he not only stated the facts but also boasted that as a result of his valour and good fortune there was no longer an enemy of the Roman people on this side of the Alps, and that a large amount of land had been captured which could be divided individually among many thousands of men.
16.9. litteraeque Romam extemplo scriptae, quibus non modo rem exponeret, sed etiam gloriaretur sua virtute ac felicitate neminem iam cis Alpis esse hostem populo Romano, agrique aliquantum captum, qui multis milibus hominum dividi viritim posset.
17.1. At the same time also Tiberius Sempronius in Sardinia completely subdued the Sardinians in many successful battles.
17.1. et Ti. Sempronius eodem tempore in Sardinia multis secundis proeliis Sardos perdomuit.
17.2. Fifteen thousand men were killed, and all the tribes of the Sardinians who had revolted were reduced to submission. Upon those who had been tributaries before, double taxes were imposed and levied, the rest contributed grain.
17.2. quindecim milia hostium sunt caesa, omnes Sardorum populi, qui defecerant, in dicionem redacti. stipendiariis veteribus duplex vectigal imperatum exactumque;
17.3. Now that he had pacified the province and received two hundred and thirty hostages from the whole island, he sent lieutenants to Rome to report these events and to ask the senate that by reason of the successes obtained under the leadership and auspices of Tiberius Sempronius honour should be paid to the immortal gods and that Sempronius himself, on his departure from the province, should be permitted to bring back his army.
17.3. ceteri frumentum contulerunt. pacata provincia opsidibusque ex tota insula ducentis triginta acceptis legati Romam, qui ea nuntiarent, missi, quique ab senatu peterent, ut ob eas res ductu auspicioque Ti. Semproni prospere gestas diis inmortalibus honos haberetur, ipsique decedenti de provincia exercitum secum deportare liceret.
17.4. The senate, meeting in the temple of Apollo, heard the words of the lieutenants, decreed a thanksgiving for two days, ordered the consuls to sacrifice forty full-grown victims, and directed Tiberius Sempronius the proconsul and the army to remain that year in the province.
17.4. senatus in aede Apollinis legatorum verbis auditis supplicationem in biduum decrevit, et quadraginta maioribus hostiis consules sacrificare iussit, Ti. Sempronium proconsulem exercitumque eo anno in provincia manere.
17.5. Then the election for the purpose of filling the one vacancy in the consulship, which had been announced for the third day before the Nones of August, was finished the same day. Quintus Petilius the consul declared Gaius Valerius Laevinus chosen as his colleague, to enter upon his office at once.
17.5. comitia deinde consulis unius subrogandi, quae in ante diem tertium nonas Sextiles edicta erant, eo ipso die sunt confecta.
17.6. He himself had long been eager for his province, when, fortunately for his ambition, dispatches arrived that the Ligurians had rebelled, and on the Nones of August he set out in uniform [for his province and sent back a letter concerning his achievements there. ] The senate, hearing the letter, by reason of the uprising ordered the third legion to set out to join Gaius Claudius the proconsul in Gaul, and the duumviri navales to proceed with the fleet to Pisa, in order to sail along the coast of the Ligurians, spreading terror by sea as well. At the same destination, Pisa, the consul Quintus Petilius had also named a rendezvous for his army.
17.6. Q. Petilius consul collegam, qui extemplo magistratum occiperet, creavit C. Valerium Laevinum. ipse iam diu cupidus provinciae, cum opportunae cupiditati eius litterae adlatae essent Ligures rebellasse, nonis Sextilibus paludatus … senatus litteris auditis tumultus eius causa legionem tertiam ad C. Claudium proconsulem in Galliam proficisci iussit, et duumviros navales cum classe Pisas ire, qui Ligurum oram, maritumum quoque terrorem admoventes, circumvectarentur. eodem Pisas et Q. Petilius consul ad conveniendum exercitui diem edixerat.
17.9. And Gaius Claudius the proconsul, hearing of the revolt of the Ligurians, in addition to the troops which he had with him at Parma, raised emergency troops and moved his army to the frontiers of the Ligurians.
17.9. et C. Claudius proconsul audita rebellione Ligurum praeter eas copias, quas secum Parmae habebat, subitariis collectis militibus, exercitum ad fines Ligurum admovit.
18.1. The enemy, on the arrival of Gaius Claudius, by whom as commander they recalled that recently at the Scultenna river they had been defeated and put to flight, with a view to defending themselves by the protection of the country rather than by arms against an attack which had turned out unhappily for them, occupied the two mountains, Letum and Ballista, and in addition surrounded them by a wall.
18.1. hostes sub adventum C. Claudi, a quo duce se meminerant nuper ad Scultennam flumen victos fugatosque, locorum magis praesidio adversus infeliciter expertam vim quam armis se defensuri, duos montes Letum et Ballistam ceperunt, muroque insuper amplexi sunt.
18.2. Those who were slow in moving from the fields were cut off and destroyed to the number of fifteen hundred; the rest kept within the mountains and not even in their fear forgetting their natural fierceness, they raged against the booty which had been taken at Mutina. The prisoners they slew after mutilating them cruelly; the beasts they butchered, scattered among the shrines, rather than sacrificed according to ritual. Sated with the slaughter of their living plunder, things which were inanimate, utensils of every sort, made for use rather than as ornaments to be looked at, they dashed against the walls. The consul Quintus Petilius, fearing lest the war should be finished in his absence, wrote to Gaius Claudius that he should bring the army to meet him in Gaul: he would await them, he said, at Campi Macri.
18.2. tardius ex agris demigrantes oppressi ad mille et quingenti perierunt; ceteri montibus se tenebant, et ne in metu quidem feritatis ingenitae obliti saeviunt in praedam, quae Mutinae parta erat. captivos cum foeda laceratione interficiunt, pecora in fanis trucidant verius passim quam rite sacrificant.
18.4. Claudius, on receipt of the letter, moved his camp from the Ligurian territory and at Campi Macri turned his army over to the consul. Thither a few days later Gaius Valerius, the other consul, came. There, dividing their forces, before they separated the two jointly purified the armies.
18.4. satiati caede animantium, quae inanima erant parietibus adfligunt, vasa omnis generis, usui magis quam ornamento [in speciem] facta.
18.5. Then, because they had determined that the two should not approach the enemy from the same direction, they cast lots for the districts to which they should direct their march. It was evident that Valerius cast his lot in accordance with the requirements for auspices, because he was in the consecrated space; the augurs later declared that this fault had existed in the case of Petilius —namely, the lot, which had been cast into the urn outside of the consecrated space, had been drawn by him while he was still outside of the consecrated area, although he should have been inside of it. From Campi Macri they marched in different directions. Petilius had his camp facing the height of Ballista and Letum, which joins these mountains with a continuous ridge.
18.5. Q. Petilius consul, ne absente se debellaretur, litteras ad C. Claudium misit, ut cum exercitu ad se in Galliam veniret: campis Macris se eum expectaturum. litteris acceptis Claudius ex Liguribus castra movit exercitumque ad campos Macros consuli tradidit. eodem [tempore] paucis post diebus C. Valerius consul alter venit.
18.7. Then, while he was encouraging the soldiers before the assembly, not thinking of the double meaning of the word, they said that he used the ominous expression that on that day he would gain Letum. He began to march up the hills in front on two sides at once. The column in which he himself was advanced vigorously.
18.7. ibi divisis copiis, prius quam digrederentur, communiter ambo exercitus lustraverunt. tum sortiti, quia non ab eadem utrumque parte adgredi hostem placebat, regiones, quas peterent.
18.8. When the enemy had repulsed the other, Petilius, in order to restore the wavering line, riding up on his horse, did indeed rally his men from their flight, but he himself, while riding before the standards with too little caution, fell struck with a javelin. But the enemy did not perceive that the commander had been killed, and the few of his own men who had seen it concealed his body with great care, knowing that victory depended on it.
18.8. Valerium auspicato sortitum constabat, quod in templo fuisset; in Petilio id vitii factum postea augures responderunt, quod extra templum sortem in sitellam in templum latam foris ipse … oporteret.
18.9. The rest of the body of infantry and cavalry dislodged the enemy and took the mountains without their general. About five thousand of the Ligurians were killed: of the Roman army fifty-two fell.
18.9. profecti inde in diversas regiones. Petilius adversus Ballistae et Leti iugum, quod eos montes perpetuo dorso inter se iungit, castra habuit.
18.10. In addition to this so manifest fulfilment of an omen of evil, it was also learned from the keeper of the chickens that there had been a flaw in the auspices, and that the consul had not been unaware of this. Gaius Valerius, hearing...
18.10. ibi adhortantem eum pro contione milites, inmemorem ambiguitatis verbi, ominatum ferunt se eo die Letum capturum esse.
18.11. . Those who were skilled in the rules of religion and in public law said that, since the two regular consuls of the year had perished, the one from disease, the other in battle, a substituted consul could not properly conduct an election..
18.11. duabus simul partibus subire in adversos montes coepit. ea pars, in qua ipse erat, inpigre succedebat; alteram hostes cum propulissent, ut restitueret rem inclinatam, consul equo advectus suos quidem a fuga revocavit, ipse, dum incautius ante signa obversatur, missili traiectus cecidit.
18.12. . brought them down. The Garuli, the Lapicini and the Hergates had lived on this side of the Apennines, the Friniates beyond them and on this side of the river Audena. Publius Mucius waged war on the tribes that had ravaged Luna and Pisa and disarmed them when all had been reduced to surrender. By reason of the successes in Gaul and among the Ligurians under the leadership and auspices of the two consuls, the senate decreed a thanksgiving for three days and ordered the sacrifice of forty victims. And indeed the Gallic and Ligurian uprising, which had broken out in the beginning of the year, was quickly suppressed with no great effort; now the anxiety as to the Macedonian War beset them, since Perseus was stirring up conflicts between the Dardanians and the Bastarnae.
18.12. nec hostes ducem occisum senserunt, et suorum pauci, qui viderant, haud neglegenter, ut qui in eo victoriam verti scirent, corpus occultavere. alia multitudo peditum equitumque deturbatis hostibus montis sine duce cepere. ad quinque milia Ligurum occisa; ex Romano exercitu duo et quinquaginta ceciderunt. super tam evidentem tristis ominis eventum etiam ex pullario auditum est vitium in auspicio fuisse, nec id consulem ignorasse. C. Valerius audita … periti religionum iurisque publici, quando duo ordinarii consules eius anni, alter morbo, alter ferro periisset, suffectum consulem negabant recte comitia habere posse. … deduxit. cis Apenninum Garuli et Lapicini et Hergates, trans Apenninum Briniates fuerant. intra Audenam amnem P. Mucius cum is, qui Lunam Pisasque depopulati erant, bellum gessit, omnibusque in dicionem redactis arma ademit. ob eas res in Gallia Liguribusque gestas duorum consulum ductu auspicioque senatus in triduum supplicationes decrevit et quadraginta hostiis sacrificari iussit. et tumultus quidem Gallicus et Ligustinus, qui principio eius anni exortus fuerat, haut magno conatu brevi oppressus erat;
19.4. And the ambassadors who had been sent to investigate the situation in Macedonia had already returned to Rome and had reported that war in Dardania was now in progress.
19.4. belli Macedonici subibat iam cura, miscente Perseo inter Dardanos Bastarnasque certamina. et legati, qui missi ad res visendas in Macedoniam erant, iam reverterant Romam renuntiaverantque bellum in Dardania esse.
19.5. At the same time envoys had also arrived from King Perseus, who were to explain on his behalf that he had neither invited the Bastarnae nor was he instigating any of their actions.
19.5. simul venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores, qui purgarent nec accitos ab eo Bastarnas nec auctore eo quicquam facere.
19.6. The senate neither absolved him of this blame nor charged him with it; they merely ordered that he be warned to take redoubled care to make it appear that he was respecting the treaty which was in force between him and the Romans.
19.6. senatus nec liberavit eius culpae regem neque arguit; moneri eum tantum modo iussit, ut etiam atque etiam curaret, ut sanctum haberet foedus, quod ei cum Romanis esse videri posset.
19.7. When the Dardanians saw that the Bastarnae were not only not leaving their territory, as they had hoped, but were growing more troublesome every day, and were relying on the aid of the neighbouring Thracians and the Scordisci, they decided that they must venture something, even rashly, and all from all sides met in arms at the town which was nearest to the camp of the Bastarnae. It was winter, and they had chosen that season in order that the Thracians and Scordisci might then depart to their own countries.
19.7. Dardani cum Bastarnas non modo non excedere finibus suis, quod speraverant, sed graviores fieri in dies cernerent, subnixos Thracum adcolarum et Scordiscorum auxiliis, audendum aliquid vel temere rati, omnes undique armati ad oppidum, quod proximum castris Bastarnarum erat, conveniunt.
19.8. When they learned that this had occurred as they had expected and that the Bastarnae were now alone, they divided their forces into two columns, one to march by the straight road to assail openly, the other, led around by an out-of-theway pass, to attack from the rear.
19.8. hiemps erat, et id anni tempus elegerant, ut Thraces Scordiscique in fines suos abirent. quod ubi ita factum et solos iam esse Bastarnas audierunt, bifariam dividunt copias, pars ut recto itinere ad lacessendum ex aperto iret, pars devio saltu circumducta ab tergo adgrederetur.
19.9. But before they could surround the camp of the enemy the battle took place; and the defeated Dardanians were driven back into the town, which was about twelve miles distant from the camp of the Bastarnae.
19.9. ceterum priusquam circumire castra hostium possent, pugnatum est; victique Dardani compelluntur in urbem, quae fere duodecim milia ab castris Bastarnarum aberat.
19.10. The victors followed in haste and invested the city, expecting confidently that the next day either the enemy would surrender on account of fear or they would take the town by storm.
19.10. victores confestim secuti circumsidunt urbem, haud dubie postero die aut metu dedituris se hostibus aut vi expugnaturi.
19.11. Meanwhile the other column of the Dardanians, which had followed the circuitous route, being ignorant of the defeat of their comrades, captured the camp of the Bastarnae, which had been left without a guard.
19.11. interim Dardanorum altera manus, quae circumducta erat, ignara cladis suorum, castra Bastarnarum sine praesidio relicta.
20.1. Antiochus, setting up an ivory chair in the Roman fashion, would administer justice and adjudge disputes on the most trifling matters.
20.1. … more sella eburnea posita ius dicebat disceptabatque controversias minimarum rerum.
20.2. And so incapable was his mind of sticking to any station in life, as it strayed through all the varieties of existence that it was not really clear either to himself or to others what kind of person he was.
20.2. adeoque nulli fortunae adhaerebat animus per omnia genera vitae errans, uti nec sibi nec aliis, quinam homo esset, satis constaret.
20.3. It was his habit not to speak to his friends, to smile at mere acquaintances in a most friendly way, and with an inconsistent generosity to make himself and others laughing-stocks; to some, men of distinction who held themselves in high esteem, he would give childish presents, as of food or toys, others, who expected nothing, he would make rich.
20.3. non adloqui amicos, vix notis familiariter arridere, munificentia inaequali sese aliosque ludificari; quibusdam honoratis magnoque aestimantibus se puerilia, ut escae aut lusus, munera dare, alios nihil expectantes ditare.
20.4. And so he seemed to some not to know what he wanted; some said that he was playing childish tricks, some that he was unquestionably insane.
20.4. itaque nescire, quid sibi vellet, quibusdam videri; quidam ludere eum simpliciter, quidam haud dubie insanire aiebant.
20.5. Nevertheless in two great and important respects his soul was truly royal —in his benefactions to cities and in the honours paid to the gods.
20.5. in duabus tamen magnis honestisque rebus vere regius erat animus, in urbium donis et deorum cultu.
20.6. To the people of Megalopolis in Arcadia he promised that he would enclose their city with a wall, and he gave the greater part of the money; at Tegea he began to build a magnificent theatre of marble; in the prytaneum at Cyzicus —this is the central hall of the city, where those men dine upon whom this distinction has been bestowed —he furnished a golden service for one table.
20.6. Megalopolitanis in Arcadia murum se circumdaturum urbi est pollicitus maioremque partem pecuniae dedit; Tegeae theatrum magnificum e marmore facere instituit;
20.7. While he gave the Rhodians nothing remarkable, yet he gave them gifts of every description, whatever their needs demanded. Of his magnificent ideas as to the treatment of the gods, the temple of Jupiter Olympius at Athens, the only one in the world which, though unfinished, was designed to conform to the greatness of the god, can well be evidence; besides, he also adorned Delos with marvellous altars and abundance of statuary, and at Antioch he built a magnificent temple to Jupiter Capitolinus, which had not merely its ceiling panelled with gold, but also its walls wholly covered with gilded plates;
20.7. Cyzici in Prytaneo — id est penetrale urbis, ubi publice, quibus is honos datus est, vescuntur — vasa aurea mensae unius posuit. Rhodiis ut nihil unum insigne, ita omnis generis, ut quaeque usus eorum postulaverunt, dona dedit. magnificentiae vero in deos vel Iovis Olympii templum Athenis, unum in terris incohatum pro magnitudine dei, potest testis esse;
20.9. and many other things he promised in other places, but by reason of the very short duration of his reign he did not finish them. Also in regard to the splendour of his shows of every sort he surpassed earlier kings, his other spectacles being given in their own proper style and with an abundance of Greek theatrical artists; a gladiatorial exhibition, after the Roman fashion, he presented which was at first received with greater terror than pleasure on the part of men who were unused to such sights;
20.9. sed et Delon aris insignibus statuarumque copia exornavit, et Antiochiae Iovis Capitolini magnificum templum, non laqueatum auro tantum, sed parietibus totis lammina inauratum, et alia multa in aliis locis pollicitus, quia perbreve tempus regni eius fuit, non perfecit. spectaculorum quoque omnis generis magnificentia superiores reges vicit, reliquorum sui moris et copia Graecorum artificum;
20.11. then by frequent repetitions, by sometimes allowing the fighters to go only as far as wounding one another, sometimes permitting them to fight without giving quarter, he made the sight familiar and even pleasing, and he roused in many of the young men a joy in arms.
20.11. gladiatorum munus Romanae consuetudinis primo maiore cum terrore hominum, insuetorum ad tale spectaculum, quam voluptate dedit;
20.12. And so, while at first he had been accustomed to summon gladiators from Rome, procuring them by large fees, finally he could find a sufficient supply at home.
20.12. deinde saepius dando, et modo volneribus tenus, modo sine missione etiam, et familiare oculis gratumque id spectaculum fecit, et armorum studium plerisque iuvenum accendit.
20.13. ... Scipio the jurisdiction between citizens and aliens. The lot had given the province of Sardinia to Marcus Atilius the praetor;
20.13. itaque, qui primo ab Roma magnis pretiis paratos gladiatores arcessere solitus erat, iam suo … Scipio inter peregrinos. M. Atilio praetori provincia Sardinia obvenerat;